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Definition 2024

曾

曾

See also: 曽 and 會

Translingual

Shinjitai 曽
Simplified 曾
Traditional 曾

Han character

曾 (radical 73 曰+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金田日 (CWA), four-corner 80606)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 503, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14299
  • Dae Jaweon: page 877, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1521, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+66FE

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 曾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 曾
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (曾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潧 *ʔsrɯn
繒 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
增 *ʔsɯːŋ, *ʔsɯːŋs
憎 *ʔsɯːŋ
磳 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
曾 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ
矰 *ʔsɯːŋ
罾 *ʔsɯːŋ
熷 *ʔsɯːŋ
竲 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
橧 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
譄 *ʔsɯːŋ
蹭 *sʰɯːŋs
層 *zɯːŋ
贈 *zɯːŋs
僧 *sɯːŋ
鬙 *sɯːŋ
甑 *ʔsɯŋs
鄫 *zɯŋ
驓 *zɯŋ
嶒 *zɯŋ
噌 *sʰɯːŋ
鏳 *zrɯːŋ

Pictogram (象形) – a cooker for steaming food. The derivative 甑 (OC *ʔsɯŋs) refers to the original word.

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 曾
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 登 (129)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 昨楞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡zəŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡zəŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡zəŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡zəŋ/
Li
Rong		 /d͡zəŋ/
Wang
Li		 /d͡zəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱəŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 céng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 曾
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 céng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzong ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[dz]ˤəŋ/
English (adverb indicating past time)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 曾
Reading # 2/2
No. 16625
Phonetic
component		 曾
Rime
group		 蒸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*zɯːŋ/

Definitions

曾

  1. already; ever; once (in the past); previously

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 曾
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 登 (129)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 作滕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡səŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡səŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡səŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡səŋ/
Li
Rong		 /t͡səŋ/
Wang
Li		 /t͡səŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡səŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zēng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 曾
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zēng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsong ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ts]ˤəŋ/
English remote (ancestor)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 曾
Reading # 1/2
No. 16616
Phonetic
component		 曾
Rime
group		 蒸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsɯːŋ/
Notes 朱芳圃云爲甑初文，非形聲字

Definitions

曾

  1. great-
    曾孫 / 曾孙  ―  zēngsūn  ―  great-grandson
  2. (literary) unexpectedly
  3. (literary) Alternative form of 增 (zēng, “to increase”).
  4. A surname​.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

曾

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

曾 • ‎(jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune-Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

曾 (tằng, tăng, tâng, tơn, tưng, từng)

  1. used as prefix to indicate a greater level (especially in 曽祖: tằng tổ : great-grandfather, other meaning now seems archaic)
  2. One pronunciation is từng, could be the root of từng : (have ever done <something>) (see từng)

References

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