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Definition 2024


See also:

Translingual

Shinjitai
Simplified
Traditional

Han character

(radical 32 +12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土金田日 (GCWA), four-corner 48166, composition)

Related characters

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 238, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5454
  • Dae Jaweon: page 477, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 489, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+589E

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ʔsrɯn
*ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
*ʔsɯːŋ, *ʔsɯːŋs
*ʔsɯːŋ
*ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
*ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ
*ʔsɯːŋ
*ʔsɯːŋ
*ʔsɯːŋ
*ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
*ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
*ʔsɯːŋ
*sʰɯːŋs
*zɯːŋ
*zɯːŋs
*sɯːŋ
*sɯːŋ
*ʔsɯŋs
*zɯŋ
*zɯŋ
*zɯŋ
*sʰɯːŋ
*zrɯːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *ʔsɯːŋs) : semantic  (earth) + phonetic  (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ) – things grow in the earth, to build from earth.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡səŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡səŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡səŋ²¹/
Jinan /t͡səŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡səŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡səŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡səŋ²¹/
Xining /t͡sə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡səŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡sə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡sɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sen⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡sə̃/
Nanjing /t͡sən³¹/
Hefei /t͡sən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡səŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sen³³/
Wenzhou /t͡saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sən³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sən³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sen⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sen²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɐŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sɛiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡saiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡seŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡seŋ³³/
/t͡sɔŋ³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (13) (13)
Final () (129) (129)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Li
Rong
/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Wang
Li
/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zēng zèng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zēng
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsong ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-tˤəŋ/
English increase

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 16613 16623
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔsɯːŋ/ /*ʔsɯːŋs/

Definitions

  1. to increase; to expand
  2. to gain; to add

Compounds

  • 倍增 (bèizēng)
  • 增修
  • 增值 (zēngzhí)
  • 增光 (zēngguāng)
  • 增刊
  • 增列
  • 增刪增删
  • 增劇增剧
  • 增加 (zēngjiā)
  • 增印
  • 增增減減增增减减
  • 增多 (zēngduō)
  • 增大 (zēngdà)
  • 增幅 (zēngfú)
  • 增廣增广
  • 增廣生員增广生员
  • 增廣見聞增广见闻
  • 增建
  • 增強增强 (zēngqiáng)
  • 增援 (zēngyuán)
  • 增損增损
  • 增收
  • 增韻增韵
  • 增額國代增额国代
  • 增高
  • 年增率
  • 擴增扩增
  • 日增月益
  • 暴增
  • 有增無損有增无损
  • 有增無減有增无减
  • 添增
  • 激增
  • 福履增綏福履增绥
  • 累增字
  • 與日俱增与日俱增
  • 蒲扇價增蒲扇价增
  • 蓬蓽增輝蓬荜增辉
  • 踵事增華踵事增华
  • 逆增
  • 遞增递增 (dìzēng)
  • 陡增
  • 馬齒徒增马齿徒增
  • 齒德俱增齿德俱增

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. increase
  2. add to
  3. augment

Readings


Korean

Hanja

(jeung) (hangeul , revised jeung, McCune-Reischauer chŭng)

  1. increase
  2. add to
  3. augment

Vietnamese

Han character

(tăng, tâng)

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