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Definition 2024
僧
僧
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Translingual
| Shinjitai | 僧 |
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| Simplified | 僧 |
| Traditional | 僧 |
Alternative forms
Note difference between Chinese form, which uses 曾, and Japanese shinjitai which uses 曽.
Han character
僧 (radical 9 人+12, 14 strokes, cangjie input 人金田日 (OCWA), four-corner 28266, composition ⿰亻曾 (GTKV) or ⿰亻曽 (J))
Related characters
References
- KangXi: page 117, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1076
- Dae Jaweon: page 248, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 222, character 1
- Unihan data for U+50E7
Chinese
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simp. and trad. |
僧 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 僧
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| Large seal script | Small seal script | |||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (曾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 潧 | *ʔsrɯn |
| 繒 | *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ |
| 增 | *ʔsɯːŋ, *ʔsɯːŋs |
| 憎 | *ʔsɯːŋ |
| 磳 | *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ |
| 曾 | *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ |
| 矰 | *ʔsɯːŋ |
| 罾 | *ʔsɯːŋ |
| 熷 | *ʔsɯːŋ |
| 竲 | *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ |
| 橧 | *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ |
| 譄 | *ʔsɯːŋ |
| 蹭 | *sʰɯːŋs |
| 層 | *zɯːŋ |
| 贈 | *zɯːŋs |
| 僧 | *sɯːŋ |
| 鬙 | *sɯːŋ |
| 甑 | *ʔsɯŋs |
| 鄫 | *zɯŋ |
| 驓 | *zɯŋ |
| 嶒 | *zɯŋ |
| 噌 | *sʰɯːŋ |
| 鏳 | *zrɯːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sɯːŋ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 曾 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ) – a kind of person (a Buddhist monk).
Etymology
Short for 僧伽 (sēngqié, “sangha; community of monks, nuns, novices and laity”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zang1, sang1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sên
- Min Dong (BUC): cĕng
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): sen (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄥ
- Wade-Giles: sêng1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: seng
- IPA (key): /sɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zang1, sang1
- Yale: jāng, sāng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzang1, sang1
- IPA (key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên
- Hakka Romanization System: sen´
- Hagfa Pinyim: sen1
- IPA: /sen²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cĕng
- IPA (key): /t͡sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chng
- Tâi-lô: tsng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zngf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
- Tâi-lô: tsing
- Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
- Tâi-lô: sng
- Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
- Tâi-lô: sing
- Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- Note: chng, cheng - vernacular; sng, seng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zêng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng
- IPA (key): /t͡seŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: sen (T1)
- IPA (key): /səɲ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 僧 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /səŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /t͡səŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /səŋ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /səŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /səŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /səŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /səŋ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /sə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /səŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /sə̃n³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /sɤŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /sen⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /sə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /sən³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /sən²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /səŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /səŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /sə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /səŋ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /sen³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /saŋ³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /sʌ̃³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /sɛ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sən³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡sən³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɛn⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sen⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /sen²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐŋ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /sɐŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/siŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/ 俗 |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /t͡sɛiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) |
/t͡saiŋ⁴⁴/ /saiŋ⁵⁴/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡seŋ³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/t͡sɔŋ³³/ /t͡seŋ³³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 僧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 登 (129) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蘇增切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/səŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/səŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/səŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/səŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/səŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/səŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/səŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
sēng |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 僧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16628 |
| Phonetic component |
曾 |
| Rime group |
蒸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
僧 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sɯːŋ/ |
| Notes | 梵譯僧伽saṁɡha省稱 |
Definitions
僧
Compounds
|
Japanese
Kanji
僧
Readings
Compounds
Terms derived from 僧