Definify.com
Definition 2025
允
允
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Translingual
Han character
允 (radical 10 儿+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹山 (IHU), four-corner 23210, composition ⿱厶儿)
References
- KangXi: page 123, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1338
- Dae Jaweon: page 258, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 265, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5141
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
允 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 允 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
| Characters in the same phonetic series (允) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 唆 | *sloːl |
| 梭 | *sloːl |
| 葰 | *sloːlʔ, *sroːlʔ, *slul |
| 誜 | *sroːls |
| 朘 | *ʔsluːl |
| 捘 | *ʔsluːls, *ʔsluːns, *sʰlun |
| 荾 | *slul |
| 酸 | *sloːn |
| 狻 | *sloːn |
| 痠 | *sloːn |
| 鋑 | *ʔslon |
| 脧 | *ʔslon |
| 悛 | *sʰlon |
| 吮 | *zlonʔ, *ɦljunʔ |
| 萒 | *ɡronʔ, *lonʔ |
| 沇 | *lonʔ |
| 抁 | *lonʔ |
| 馻 | *lonʔ, *lunʔ |
| 兖 | *lonʔ |
| 渷 | *lonʔ |
| 兗 | *lonʔ |
| 焌 | *ʔsluːns, *ʔsluns, *sʰlud |
| 允 | *lunʔ |
| 狁 | *lunʔ |
| 玧 | *lunʔ |
| 俊 | *ʔsluns |
| 晙 | *ʔsluns, *sluns |
| 餕 | *ʔsluns |
| 畯 | *ʔsluns |
| 駿 | *ʔsluns |
| 竣 | *sʰlun |
| 皴 | *sʰlun |
| 逡 | *sʰlun |
| 踆 | *sʰlun |
| 夋 | *sʰlun |
| 埈 | *sluns |
| 陖 | *sluns |
| 鵕 | *sluns |
| 浚 | *sluns |
| 峻 | *sluns |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˇ
- Wade-Giles: yün3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeun
- IPA (key): /yn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jyun4, wan5
- Yale: yùhn, wáhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jyn4, wan5
- IPA (key): /jyːn²¹/, /wɐn¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: vun4
- IPA (key): /vun²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ún
- Tâi-lô: ún
- Phofsit Daibuun: uon
- IPA (Quanzhou): /un⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /un⁵³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /un⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ín
- Tâi-lô: ín
- Phofsit Daibuun: ien
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /in⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /in⁵³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: rung2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: júng
- IPA (key): /d͡zuŋ⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 允 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing |
/yn²¹⁴/ /ʐuən²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /yn²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /yŋ¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /yẽ⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /yə̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /yn⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /yẽ⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /yə̃⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /yŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ỹn⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi |
/ʐuŋ⁵¹/ /vɤŋ⁵¹/ |
|
| Wuhan | /yn⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu |
/yn⁵³/ /yoŋ⁵³/ |
|
| Guiyang | /in⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /ĩ/ | |
| Nanjing | /yn²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /yn²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /yŋ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ỹŋ⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai |
/ɦyŋ²³/ /ɦioŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /yən⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ʔin⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /j̠oŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /yʌ̃³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /yan²⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /yn⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /yn⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /yn²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiun⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʒuŋ²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wɐn³⁵/ |
| Nanning | /wɐn³⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /wɐn³⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /un⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /yŋ³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /œyŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /zuŋ⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /zun²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 允 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 余準切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/jiuɪnX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/jʷinX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/juenX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/jwinX/ |
| Li Rong |
/iuĕnX/ |
| Wang Li |
/jĭuĕnX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/i̯uĕnX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yǔn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 允 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yǔn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ywinX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[l]u[r]ʔ/ |
| English | truly |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 允 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16452 |
| Phonetic component |
允 |
| Rime group |
文 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
尹 |
| Old Chinese |
/*lunʔ/ |
| Notes | 說文以聲 |
Definitions
允
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Compounds
References
Japanese
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
Proper noun
允 (hiragana まこと, romaji Makoto)
- A male given name
Korean
Hanja
允 • (yun) (hangeul 윤, revised yun, McCune-Reischauer yun)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
允 (doãn, duẫn)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.