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Definition 2024
佛
佛
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Translingual
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Han character
佛 (radical 9 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人中中弓 (OLLN), four-corner 25227, composition ⿰亻弗)
References
- KangXi: page 99, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 517
- Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 140, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4F5B
Chinese
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simp. and trad. |
佛 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | ||
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 佛 | |||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (弗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 鄪 | *prɯds |
| 費 | *prɯds, *pʰɯds, *bɯds |
| 砩 | *pads |
| 沸 | *pɯds |
| 疿 | *pɯds |
| 茀 | *pɯds, *pʰɯd |
| 髴 | *pʰɯds, *pɯd, *pʰɯd |
| 昲 | *pʰɯds |
| 靅 | *pʰɯds |
| 狒 | *buds |
| 怫 | *bɯds, *bɯd |
| 胇 | *brɯd |
| 艴 | *bɯːd, *pʰɯd |
| 弗 | *pɯd |
| 紼 | *pɯd |
| 柫 | *pɯd |
| 笰 | *pɯd |
| 拂 | *pʰɯd |
| 刜 | *pʰɯd, *bɯd |
| 彿 | *pʰɯd |
| 佛 | *bɯd |
| 坲 | *bɯd |
| 咈 | *bɯd |
| 炥 | *bɯd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *bɯd) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 弗 (OC *pɯd).
Etymology 1
Abbreviation of 佛陀 (MC bɨut̚ dɑ), from Pali buddha or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha, “awakened; enlightened”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fat6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu̍t
- Min Dong (BUC): hŭk
- Min Nan (POJ): pu̍t / hu̍t
- Wu (Wiktionary): veq (T5); feq (T4)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄛˊ
- Wade-Giles: fo2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: for
- IPA (key): /fu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: fat6
- Yale: faht
- Cantonese Pinyin: fat9
- IPA (key): /fɐt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: fud
- Hagfa Pinyim: fud6
- IPA: /fut̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭk
- IPA (key): /huʔ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pu̍t / hu̍t
- Tâi-lô: pu̍t / hu̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: put, hut
- IPA (Xiamen): /put̚⁴/, /hut̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /put̚²⁴/, /hut̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /put̚¹²¹/, /hut̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /put̚⁴/, /hut̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /put̚⁴/, /hut̚⁴/
- Note: pu̍t - vernacular; hu̍t - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: veq (T5); feq (T4)
- IPA (key): /v̻əʔ¹²/, /fəʔ⁵⁵/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 佛 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /fo³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /fɤ²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /fo⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /fə⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /fu⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /fu⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /fo²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /fɔ²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan |
/fu¹³/ /fuə⁵³/ |
|
| Lanzhou | /fə⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /fɤ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /fu²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu |
/fu³¹/ /fəu³¹/ |
|
| Guiyang | /fu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /fu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /fuʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /fəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /fəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Pingyao | /xuʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /fɤ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /vəʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /vəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /vəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /vai²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /fu²²/ |
| Tunxi | /fə¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /fu²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɸu⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /fɨʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /fut̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /fut̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fɐt̚²/ |
| Nanning | /fɐt̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /fɐt̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/hut̚⁵/ /put̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /huʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) |
/xo⁴⁴/ /xu²⁴/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /huk̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ʔbut̚³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 佛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 物 (60) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 符弗切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/bɨut̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/biut̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/biuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/but̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/biuət̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/bĭuət̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/bʱi̯uət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
fú |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 佛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
fú |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ bjut › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[b][u]t/ |
| English | great |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 佛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3324 |
| Phonetic component |
弗 |
| Rime group |
物 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
佛 |
| Old Chinese |
/*bɯd/ |
Definitions
佛
- (Buddhism) Buddha
- (Buddhism) statue of Buddha
- (by extension) Buddhist scriptures
- (by extension) Buddhism; Buddhist doctrines
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (佛):
Others:
- → Manchu: ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ (fucihi)
- → Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ (burqan) / бурхан (burhan)
- → Vietnamese: Bụt (“a wise and kind old man in folklore”)
Compounds
Derived terms from 佛
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Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 佛 – see 彿. (This character, 佛, is the simplified form of 彿.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
- Wade-Giles: fu2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
- IPA (key): /fu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄛˊ
- Wade-Giles: fo2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: for
- IPA (key): /fu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: fat1
- Yale: fāt
- Cantonese Pinyin: fat7
- IPA (key): /fɐt̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
Definitions
佛
- †Alternative form of 拂 (fú, “to go against; to be contrary to”).
Compounds
Derived terms from 佛
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Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
- Wade-Giles: pih4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
- IPA (key): /pi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: bat6
- Yale: baht
- Cantonese Pinyin: bat9
- IPA (key): /pɐt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
Definitions
佛
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
- Wade-Giles: po2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
- IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: but6
- Yale: buht
- Cantonese Pinyin: but9
- IPA (key): /puːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
Definitions
佛
- †Alternative form of 勃 (bó, “prosperous; thriving”).
Japanese
Kanji
佛
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 仏)