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Webster 1913 Edition


Liber


Li′ber

(lī′bẽr)
,
Noun.
[L. See
Libel
.]
(Bot.)
The inner bark of plants, lying next to the wood. It usually contains a large proportion of woody, fibrous cells, and is, therefore, the part from which the fiber of the plant is obtained, as that of hemp, etc.
Liber cells
,
elongated woody cells found in the liber.

Definition 2024


Liber

Liber

See also: liber, libër, li ber, and Liber.

Latin

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈliː.ber/, [ˈliː.bɛr]

Proper noun

Līber m (genitive Līberī); second declension

  1. (Roman myth) An Italian deity of planting and fruiting; associated with the Roman Bacchus.

Inflection

Second declension, nominative singular in -er.

Case Singular
nominative Līber
genitive Līberī
dative Līberō
accusative Līberum
ablative Līberō
vocative Līber1

1May also be Lībere.

References

liber

liber

See also: Liber, libër, li ber, and Liber.

English

Noun

liber (countable and uncountable, plural libers)

  1. (botany) The inner bark of plants, next to the wood. It usually contains a large proportion of woody, fibrous cells, and is the part from which the fibre of the plant is obtained, as that of hemp, etc.


Czech

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈlɪbɛr/

Noun

liber

  1. genitive plural of libra

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈlɪbɛr/

Noun

liber

  1. genitive plural of libero

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /li.bɛʁ/

Noun

liber m (plural libers)

  1. bast (of a tree)
  2. book

Anagrams


Latin

Etymology 1

From Old Latin loeber, from Proto-Italic *louðeros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ-er-os, from *h₁lewdʰ- (people).

Cognates include Ancient Greek ἐλεύθερος (eleútheros), Sanskrit रोधति (rodhati), Dutch lieden, German Leute, Russian люди (ljudi, people).

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈliː.ber/, [ˈliː.bɛr]

Adjective

līber m (feminine lībera, neuter līberum, comparative līberior, superlative līberrimus); first/second declension

  1. free, unrestricted
    • Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, Epistula XCII
      Nemo liber est qui corpori servit.
      No one is free who is a slave to his body.
    • Captivi ("the captives") by Plautus (English and Latin text)
      Haud istuc rogo. Fuistin liber? - Fui.
      That isn’t what I’m asking about. Were you a freeman? - I was.
Inflection

First/second declension, nominative masculine singular in -er.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
nominative līber lībera līberum līberī līberae lībera
genitive līberī līberae līberī līberōrum līberārum līberōrum
dative līberō līberō līberīs
accusative līberum līberam līberum līberōs līberās lībera
ablative līberō līberā līberō līberīs
vocative līber lībera līberum līberī līberae lībera
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Old Provençal: liure
  • Piedmontese: lìber
  • Portuguese: livre
  • Romagnol: lébar
  • Romanian: liber
  • Romansch: liber
  • Sardinian: líbberu, líveru
  • Sicilian: lìbbiru
  • Spanish: libre
  • Venetian: łìbaro
  • Walloon: lîb

Etymology 2

Probably from an older form *luber, from Proto-Indo-European *leup- (to peel, break off). Cognate to Old Church Slavonic лѹбъ (lubŭ, bark of a tree) and Lithuanian lùpti (to peel, to shell).[1] See also English leaf, lobby, lodge, Ancient Greek λέπω (lépō, to peel), λέπος (lépos, peel), λεπτός (leptós, peel).

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈli.ber/, [ˈlɪ.bɛr]

Noun

liber m (genitive librī); second declension

  1. book
  2. the inner bark of a tree
Inflection

Second declension, nominative singular in -er.

Case Singular Plural
nominative liber librī
genitive librī librōrum
dative librō librīs
accusative librum librōs
ablative librō librīs
vocative liber1 librī

1May also be libre.

Alternative forms
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants

Etymology 3

Non-lemma forms.

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈliː.ber/, [ˈliː.bɛr]

Verb

līber

  1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of lībō

References

  • līber, adj. in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • līber, n. in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • liber in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Félix Gaffiot (1934), “liber”, in Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Paris: Hachette.
  • Meissner, Carl; Auden, Henry William (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • Cicero's philosophical writings: Ciceronis de philosophia libri
    • to write a book: librum scribere, conscribere
    • to compose, compile a book: librum conficere, componere (De Sen. 1. 2)
    • to publish a book: librum edere (Div. 1. 3. 6)
    • to open a book: librum evolvere, volvere
    • to dedicate a book to some one: librum mittere ad aliquem (Fin. 1. 3. 8)
    • the title of a book: index, inscriptio libri
    • to be engaged on a book: librum in manibus habere (Acad. 1. 1. 2)
    • to take up a book in one's hands: librum in manus sumere
    • to lay down a book (vid. sect. XII. 3, note vestem deponere...): librum de manibus ponere
    • to polish, finish a work with the greatest care: perpolire, limare diligenter librum, opus
    • (ambiguous) to make extracts from Cicero's writings: aliquid, multa ex Ciceronis libris excerpere (not excerpere librum)
    • to furnish a book with notes, additional extracts, marks of punctuation: librum annotare, interpolare, distinguere
    • (ambiguous) in the time of the Republic: libera re publica
    • (ambiguous) to accept as one's own child; to make oneself responsible for its nurture and education: tollere or suscipere liberos
    • (ambiguous) to treat as one's own child: aliquem in liberorum loco habere
    • (ambiguous) the teaching of children: disciplina (institutio) puerilis (not liberorum)
    • (ambiguous) the work when translated; translation (concrete): liber (scriptoris) conversus, translatus
    • (ambiguous) the book is entitled 'Laelius': liber inscribitur Laelius (Off. 2. 9. 30)
    • (ambiguous) Cicero says in his 'Laelius.: Cicero dicit in Laelio (suo) or in eo (not suo) libro, qui inscribitur Laelius
    • (ambiguous) there exists a book on..: est liber de...
    • (ambiguous) the book is still extant: exstat liber (notice the order of the words)
    • (ambiguous) the book has been lost: liber intercidit, periit
    • (ambiguous) a book which has been entirely lost sight of: liber deperditus
    • (ambiguous) a lost book of which fragments (relliquiae, not fragmenta) remain: liber perditus
    • (ambiguous) a book which is attributed to some one: liber qui fertur alicuius
    • (ambiguous) the book is attributed to an unknown writer: liber refertur ad nescio quem auctorem
    • (ambiguous) the book treats of friendship: hic liber est de amicitia (not agit) or hoc libro agitur de am.
    • (ambiguous) the book contains something... (not continet aliquid): libro continetur aliquid
    • (ambiguous) the book contains something... (not continet aliquid): libro scriptor complexus est aliquid
    • (ambiguous) at the end of the book: in extremo libro (Q. Fr. 2. 7. 1)
    • (ambiguous) to be engaged on a book: liber mihi est in manibus
    • (ambiguous) the book, speech can easily be obtained: liber, oratio in manibus est
    • (ambiguous) a carefully written book: liber accurate, diligenter scriptus
    • (ambiguous) to make extracts from Cicero's writings: aliquid, multa ex Ciceronis libris excerpere (not excerpere librum)
    • (ambiguous) a very charming book: liber plenus delectationis
    • (ambiguous) the frank but defiant demeanour of Socrates (before his judges): libera contumacia Socratis (Tusc. 1. 29. 71)
    • (ambiguous) the Republic: libera res publica, liber populus
    • (ambiguous) an independent spirit: a partibus rei publicae animus liber (Sall. Cat. 4. 2)
    • (ambiguous) to enslave a free people: liberum populum servitute afficere
    • (ambiguous) to grant a people its independence: populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati
    • (ambiguous) the free men are sold as slaves: libera corpora sub corona (hasta) veneunt (B. G. 3. 16. 4)
    • (ambiguous) with wife and child: cum uxoribus et liberis
  • liber in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • liber in Samuel Ball Platner (1929), Thomas Ashby, editor, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press
  • liber in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
  • liber in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
  1. “libro” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, ISBN 978-88-00-20781-2

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowing from Latin liber, French libre (19th century).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈli.ber/

Adjective

liber m, n (feminine singular liberă, masculine plural liberi, feminine and neuter plural libere)

  1. free, at liberty

Declension

Synonyms

Related terms