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Definition 2024
-ma
-ma
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ma"
Dutch
Suffix
-ma
- occurring in Dutch surnames of Frisian origin, ma is probably a shortened form of the old Frisian genitive plural -monna, 'the men's'. After this suffix had fallen into disuse in the Frisian language, it came to be considered as a suffix to form family names.
Estonian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak. Cognate with Finnish -ta.
Suffix
-ma (da-infinitive -ta)
- Forms verbs from nouns.
Inflection
Inflection of -ma (ÕS type 29/hüppama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | -an | ei -a | 1st sing. | olen -anud | ei ole -anud pole -anud |
| 2nd sing. | -ad | 2nd sing. | oled -anud | ||
| 3rd sing. | -ab | 3rd sing. | on -anud | ||
| 1st plur. | -ame | 1st plur. | oleme -anud | ||
| 2nd plur. | -ate | 2nd plur. | olete -anud | ||
| 3rd plur. | -avad | 3rd plur. | on -anud | ||
| passive | -atakse | ei -ata | passive | on -atud | ei ole -atud pole -atud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | -asin | ei -anud | 1st sing. | olin -anud | ei olnud -anud polnud -anud |
| 2nd sing. | -asid | 2nd sing. | olid -anud | ||
| 3rd sing. | -as | 3rd sing. | oli -anud | ||
| 1st plur. | -asime | 1st plur. | olime -anud | ||
| 2nd plur. | -asite | 2nd plur. | olite -anud | ||
| 3rd plur. | -asid | 3rd plur. | oli -anud | ||
| passive | -ati | ei -atud | passive | oli -atud | ei olnud -atud polnud -atud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | -aksin | ei -aks | 1st sing. | oleksin -anud | ei oleks -anud poleks -anud |
| 2nd sing. | -aksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid -anud | ||
| 3rd sing. | -aks | 3rd sing. | oleks -anud | ||
| 1st plur. | -aksime | 1st plur. | oleksime -anud | ||
| 2nd plur. | -aksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite -anud | ||
| 3rd plur. | -aksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid -anud | ||
| passive | -ataks | ei -ataks | passive | oleks -atud | ei oleks -atud poleks -atud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | -a | ära -a | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | -aku | ärgu -aku | 3rd sing. | olgu -anud | ärgu olgu -anud |
| 1st plur. | -akem | ärgem -akem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | -ake | ärge -ake | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | -aku | ärgu -aku | 3rd plur. | olgu -anud | ärgu olgu -anud |
| passive | -atagu | ärgu -atagu | passive | olgu -atud | ärgu olgu -atud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | -avat | ei -avat | active | olevat -anud | ei olevat -anud polevat -anud |
| passive | -atavat | ei -atavat | passive | olevat -atud | ei olevat -atud polevat -atud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | -ata | ||||||
| nominative | -ama | -atama | des-form | -ates | |||||
| inessive | -amas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | -amast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | -amaks | — | present | -av | -atav | ||||
| abessive | -amata | — | past | -anud | -atud | ||||
Derived terms
<a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Estonian_words_suffixed_with_-ma'>Estonian words suffixed with -ma</a>
Etymology 2
Suffix
-ma
- The suffix of the ma-infinitive, which is the lemma form of a verb.
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma.
Suffix
-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä)
- Forms action/result nouns from verbs.
Inflection
| Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ma | -mat | |
| genitive | -man | -mien | |
| partitive | -maa | -mia | |
| illative | -maan | -miin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -ma | -mat | |
| accusative | nom. | -ma | -mat |
| gen. | -man | ||
| genitive | -man | -mien -mainrare |
|
| partitive | -maa | -mia | |
| inessive | -massa | -missa | |
| elative | -masta | -mista | |
| illative | -maan | -miin | |
| adessive | -malla | -milla | |
| ablative | -malta | -milta | |
| allative | -malle | -mille | |
| essive | -mana | -mina | |
| translative | -maksi | -miksi | |
| instructive | — | -min | |
| abessive | -matta | -mitta | |
| comitative | — | -mineen | |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Finnic *-ma.
Suffix
-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä)
- The suffix of the agent participle.
Inflection
| Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ma | -mat | |
| genitive | -man | -mien | |
| partitive | -maa | -mia | |
| illative | -maan | -miin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -ma | -mat | |
| accusative | nom. | -ma | -mat |
| gen. | -man | ||
| genitive | -man | -mien -mainrare |
|
| partitive | -maa | -mia | |
| inessive | -massa | -missa | |
| elative | -masta | -mista | |
| illative | -maan | -miin | |
| adessive | -malla | -milla | |
| ablative | -malta | -milta | |
| allative | -malle | -mille | |
| essive | -mana | -mina | |
| translative | -maksi | -miksi | |
| instructive | — | -min | |
| abessive | -matta | -mitta | |
| comitative | — | -mine | |
Hungarian
Etymology
Created during the Hungarian language reform which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.. The neologists formed new words with it after artificially deducing it from words ending in -ma/-me. [1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mɒ]
Suffix
-ma
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -ma | -mák |
| accusative | -mát | -mákat |
| dative | -mának | -máknak |
| instrumental | -mával | -mákkal |
| causal-final | -máért | -mákért |
| translative | -mává | -mákká |
| terminative | -máig | -mákig |
| essive-formal | -maként | -mákként |
| essive-modal | -mául | -mákul |
| inessive | -mában | -mákban |
| superessive | -mán | -mákon |
| adessive | -mánál | -máknál |
| illative | -mába | -mákba |
| sublative | -mára | -mákra |
| allative | -mához | -mákhoz |
| elative | -mából | -mákból |
| delative | -máról | -mákról |
| ablative | -mától | -máktól |
| Possessive forms of -ma | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | -mám | -máim |
| 2nd person sing. | -mád | -máid |
| 3rd person sing. | -mája | -mái |
| 1st person plural | -mánk | -máink |
| 2nd person plural | -mátok | -máitok |
| 3rd person plural | -májuk | -máik |
Usage notes
- (noun suffix) No longer productive. Harmonic variants:
Derived terms
<a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Hungarian_nouns_suffixed_with_-ma'>Hungarian nouns suffixed with -ma</a>
See also
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
References
- ↑ Gábor Zaicz, Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete, Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, ISBN 963 7094 01 6
Latvian
Alternative forms
Suffix
-ma
- Added to adjectives (sometimes to nouns) to form abstract nouns, especially those referring to the state or property that corresponds to the original adjective (like, e.g., Eng. -ity).
Derived terms
<a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Latvian_words_suffixed_with_-ma'>Latvian words suffixed with -ma</a>
Turkish
Etymology 1
Suffix
-ma
- Negates meaning of the verb.
- Artık senin için ağlamayacağım.
- I won't weep for you any more.
- Artık senin için ağlamayacağım.
Etymology 2
Suffix
-ma
- Used to form verbal nouns.
- Unutulmayı hiç sevmem.
- I really don't like to be forgotten.
- Unutulmayı hiç sevmem.
Usage notes
- Used when the verb's last vowel is a back vowel.