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Definition 2024

退

退

Translingual

Han character

退 (radical 162 辵+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜日女 (YAV), four-corner 37303, composition ⿺辶艮)

References

  • KangXi: page 1256, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38839
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1740, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3834, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+9000

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 退

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 退
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (退) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
腿 *n̥ʰuːlʔ
退 *n̥ʰuːbs
褪 *n̥ʰuːns

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 辶 ‎(“move”) + 夊 ‎(“walk”) + 日 ‎(“sun”) – to walk away from the sun, to retreat.

Current form is essentially 辶 + 艮, where the unrelated 艮 is a simplification of 日 + 夊 – in careful writing the form may be slightly different (notably in the lower right component being separated and convex, rather than attached and concave), reflecting different etymology.

Cognate with 褪 (tùn).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 退
Mandarin Beijing /tʰuei⁵¹/
Harbin /tʰuei⁵³/
Tianjin /tʰuei⁵³/
Jinan /tʰuei²¹/
Qingdao /tʰue⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tʰuei³¹²/
Xi'an /tʰuei⁴⁴/
Xining /tʰuɨ²¹³/
Yinchuan /tʰuei¹³/
Lanzhou /tʰuei¹³/
Ürümqi /tʰuei²¹³/
Wuhan /tʰei³⁵/
Chengdu /tʰuei¹³/
Guiyang /tʰuei²¹³/
Kunming /tʰuei²¹²/
Nanjing /tʰuəi⁴⁴/
Hefei /tʰe⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰuei⁴⁵/
Pingyao /tʰuæ³⁵/
Hohhot /tʰuei⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /tʰe³⁵/
Suzhou /tʰe̞⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /tʰui⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /tʰai⁴²/
Hui Shexian /tʰɛ³²⁴/
Tunxi /tʰə⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /tʰei⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /tʰəi⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /tʰui²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /tʰui⁵³/
Taoyuan /tʰui⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰøy³³/
Nanning /tʰui³³/
Hong Kong /tʰøy³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tʰui²¹/
/tʰe²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tʰɔy²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /to³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /tʰo²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hui³⁵/
/he³⁵/
Rime
Character 退
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他内切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰuʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰuoiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰuɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰwəjH/
Li
Rong		 /tʰuᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /tʰuɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰuɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tuì
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 退
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tuì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ thwojH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥ˤ[u]p-s/
English withdraw (≠ advance)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 退
Reading # 1/1
No. 12536
Phonetic
component		 退
Rime
group		 內
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥ʰuːbs/
Notes 由說文從彳從日夊隸變，或從彳內聲

Definitions

退

  1. to step back, to move backwards
  2. to withdraw, to leave
  3. to cause to move backward
  4. to recede, to fade, to ebb
  5. to return (a purchase, etc.), to refund
  6. to cancel, to call off

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

退

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. retreat, withdraw
  2. cause to retreat or withdraw: to drive out

Readings

  • Goon: たい (tai)
  • Kan’on: たい (tai)
  • Kun: そ.く (so.ku), そき (soki), そ.き (so.ki), しりぞ.く (shirizo.ku), しりぞ.ける (shirizo.keru), ど.く (do.ku), ど.かす (do.kasu), ど.ける (do.keru), の.く (no.ku), の.かす (no.kasu), の.ける (no.keru), のけ (noke), の.け (no.ke), ひ.く (hi.ku), ひ.ける (hi.keru), ひけ (hike), ひ.け (hi.ke), しさ.る (shisa.ru), すさ.る (susa.ru)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

退 • ‎(toe) (hangeul 퇴, revised toe, McCune-Reischauer t'oe, Yale thoy)

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Vietnamese

Han character

退 (thối, thoái, thói, thủi, thui, thúi, thụi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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