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Definition 2024
芝
芝
See also: 艺
Translingual
Han character
芝 (radical 140 艸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿戈弓人 (TINO), four-corner 44307, composition ⿱艹之)
- sesame
- a purplish or brown mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) used in traditional Asian medicine and believed to have miraculous powers
- 'a divine and felicitous plant' (Karlgren)
References
- KangXi: page 1019, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30699
- Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3176, character 5
- Unihan data for U+829D
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
芝 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (之) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 之 | *tjɯ |
| 芝 | *tjɯ |
| 志 | *tjɯs |
| 痣 | *tjɯs |
| 娡 | *tjɯs |
| 誌 | *tjɯs |
| 蚩 | *tʰjɯ |
| 妛 | *tʰjɯ |
| 嗤 | *tʰjɯ |
| 媸 | *tʰjɯ |
| 旹 | *djɯ |
| 滍 | *diʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjɯ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) – a type of plant.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓ
- Wade-Giles: chih1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zi1
- Yale: jī
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi1
- IPA (key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 芝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 止而切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ɕɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/t͡ɕɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ɕie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/cɨ/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ɕiə/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ɕĭə/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡ɕi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhī |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 芝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17189 |
| Phonetic component |
之 |
| Rime group |
之 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
之 |
| Old Chinese |
/*tjɯ/ |
Definitions
芝
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Compounds
|
|
Japanese
Kanji
芝
Readings
- Goon: し (shi) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’on: し (shi) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kun: しざま (shizama), しば (shiba)
- Nanori: こげ (koge), しは (shiha), しば (shiba), しはざき (shihazaki), しばさき (shibasaki), しばざき (shibazaki), しばたか (shibataka)
Etymology 1
From Old Japanese. One of the oldest attested words in the Japanese language, used in the Man'yōshū and Nihon Shoki.
This character usually means a type of fungus in Chinese. However, it was also used phonetically in 芝麻 (*chimæ, “sesame”) (modern Mandarin 芝麻 (zhīmá)), and it seems that the Japanese use of this character for the sense of grass may have come from this sesame sense in Chinese.
Pronunciation
Noun
芝 (hiragana しば, romaji shiba)
- grass, turf
- 芝付乃 御宇良佐伎奈流 根都古具佐 安比見受安良婆 安礼古非米夜母。[2]
- 芝付の 御宇良崎なる ねつこ草 相見ずあらば 我れ恋ひめやも。
- Shibatsukino miurasakinaru netsukogusa ahimizuaraba arekohimeyamo.
- The anemone flowers on grassy Miura Point; if we hadn't seen each other, I probably wouldn't be so in love.
- short for 芝見 (shibami): hiding in the grass and spying on one's enemies or scouting out the situation; a spy in the grass
Derived terms
Derived terms
|
|
Proper noun
芝 (hiragana しば, romaji Shiba)
- A surname.
Verb
芝する (hiragana しばする, romaji shiba suru)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "芝する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 芝し | しばし | shiba shi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 芝し | しばし | shiba shi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 芝する | しばする | shiba suru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 芝する | しばする | shiba suru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 芝すれ | しばすれ | shiba sure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 芝せよ¹ 芝しろ² |
しばせよ¹ しばしろ² |
shiba seyo¹ shiba shiro² |
|
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 芝される | しばされる | shiba sareru | |
| Causative | 芝させる 芝さす |
しばさせる しばさす |
shiba saseru shiba sasu |
|
| Potential | 芝できる | しばできる | shiba dekiru | |
| Volitional | 芝しよう | しばしよう | shiba shiyō | |
| Negative | 芝しない | しばしない | shiba shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 芝せず | しばせず | shiba sezu | |
| Formal | 芝します | しばします | shiba shimasu | |
| Perfective | 芝した | しばした | shiba shita | |
| Conjunctive | 芝して | しばして | shiba shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 芝すれば | しばすれば | shiba sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Etymology 2
Compound of し (shi, adjectival ending) + 様 (sama, “kind, type”).[3]The sama changes to zama as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The kanji 芝 was used as an ateji, probably based on its on'yomi of shi.
Pronunciation
Noun
芝 (hiragana しざま, romaji shizama)
- (grammar, obsolete) “shi-type”, referring to the i adjective in Japanese grammar, specifically the ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “ku inflection”), corresponding to modern Japanese adjectives ending in -i but not -shii
- This is the nomenclature used in the grammar devised by 富士谷成章 (Fujitani Nariakira), a classical Japanese scholar and grammarian in the middle Edo period. Modern i adjectives still had the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) ending in -shi in the mid-Edo period, hence Fujitani's description of these as the “shi-type” of adjective.
Etymology 3
From Middle Chinese 芝 (*chi). Compare modern Mandarin 芝 (zhī).
Pronunciation
Affix
- the 万年茸 (mannentake) mushroom
Derived terms
Derived terms
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|
Etymology 4
Used as ateji in various surnames.
Names
References
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- ↑ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3508);
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean
Hanja
芝 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune-Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.