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Definition 2024
涼
涼
See also: 凉
Translingual
Han character
涼 (radical 85 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水卜口火 (EYRF), four-corner 30196, composition ⿰氵京)
References
- KangXi: page 628, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17606
- Dae Jaweon: page 1030, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1657, character 6
- Unihan data for U+6DBC
Chinese
| trad. | 涼 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 凉 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 涼
|
|---|
| Small seal script |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (京) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 涼 | *ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs |
| 凉 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 椋 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 綡 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 輬 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 諒 | *ɡ·raŋs |
| 掠 | *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raɡ |
| 弶 | *ɡaŋs |
| 京 | *kraŋ |
| 麖 | *kraŋ |
| 鶁 | *kraŋ |
| 景 | *kraŋʔ |
| 鯨 | *ɡraŋ |
| 黥 | *ɡraŋ |
| 勍 | *ɡraŋ |
| 剠 | *ɡraŋ |
| 倞 | *ɡraŋs |
| 影 | *qraŋʔ |
| 璟 | *qraŋʔ, *kʷraŋʔ |
| 憬 | *kʷraŋʔ |
| 暻 | *kʷraŋʔ |
| 澋 | *ɡʷraːŋʔ |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng6, loeng4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liòng
- Min Nan (POJ): liâng / liông / niû
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ
- Wade-Giles: liang2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liang
- IPA (key): /li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: loeng6, loeng4
- Yale: leuhng, lèuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: loeng6, loeng4
- IPA (key): /lœːŋ²²/, /lœːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liòng
- Hakka Romanization System: liongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: liong2
- IPA: /li̯oŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng / liông / niû
- Tâi-lô: liâng / liông / niû
- Phofsit Daibuun: liaang, lioong, niuu
- IPA (Xiamen): /liaŋ²⁴/, /liɔŋ²⁴/, /niu²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liaŋ²⁴/, /liɔŋ²⁴/, /niu²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³/, /liɔŋ¹³/, /niu¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /liaŋ²⁴/, /liɔŋ²⁴/, /niu²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /liaŋ²³/, /liɔŋ²³/, /niu²³/
- (Hokkien)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 涼 | 涼 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 呂章切 | 力讓切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/lɨɐŋ/ | /lɨɐŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/liɐŋ/ | /liɐŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/liɑŋ/ | /liɑŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lɨaŋ/ | /lɨaŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/liaŋ/ | /liaŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/lĭaŋ/ | /lĭaŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/li̯aŋ/ | /li̯aŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
liáng | liàng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 涼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
liáng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ljang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*C.raŋ/ |
| English | cold |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 涼 | 涼 | 涼 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 6818 | 6824 | 6826 |
| Phonetic component |
京 | 京 | 京 |
| Rime group |
陽 | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
亮 | 亮 | |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡ·raŋ/ | /*ɡ·raŋs/ | /*ɡ·raŋs/ |
Adjective
涼
- refreshingly cool; pleasantly cool
See also
- 冷 (lěng, “cold”)
References
- “Entry #7498”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji
涼
Readings
Korean
Hanja
涼 • (ryang>yang) (hangeul 량>양, revised ryang>yang, McCune-Reischauer ryang>yang, Yale lyang>yang)
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Vietnamese
Han character
涼 (lương, ghềnh)
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