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Definition 2025

敦

敦

Translingual

Han character

敦 (radical 66 攴+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜木人大 (YDOK), four-corner 08440, composition ⿰享攵)

  1. esteem
  2. honest, candid, sincere

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 473, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13276
  • Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1468, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6566

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 敦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 敦
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (敦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
弴 *tjuː, *tuːn
敦 *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns
錞 *duːlʔ, *duːls, *djun
憝 *duːls
憞 *duːls
譈 *duːls
鐓 *duːls
鷻 *doːn
鶉 *doːn, *djun
惇 *tuːn, *tjun
墩 *tuːn
驐 *tuːn
燉 *tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn
焞 *tʰuːn, *djun
啍 *tʰuːn, *duːn
暾 *tʰuːn
噋 *tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ
諄 *tjun, *tjuns
埻 *tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ
稕 *tjuns
醇 *djun
淳 *djun
犉 *njun

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 敦 敦 敦 敦
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
Initial (聲) 端 (5) 端 (5) 定 (7) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 灰 (42) 魂 (55) 桓 (62) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed Closed Closed
Division (等) I I I I
Fanqie 都回切 都昆切 度官切 都困切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tuʌi/ /tuən/ /duɑn/ /tuənH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tuoi/ /tuon/ /dʷɑn/ /tuonH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tuɒi/ /tuən/ /duɑn/ /tuənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /twəj/ /twən/ /dwan/ /twənH/
Li
Rong		 /tuᴀi/ /tuən/ /duɑn/ /tuənH/
Wang
Li		 /tuɒi/ /tuən/ /duɑn/ /tuənH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tuɑ̆i/ /tuən/ /dʱuɑn/ /tuənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 duī dūn tuán dùn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 敦 敦 敦
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 duī dūn dūn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ twoj › ‹ twon › ‹ twon ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tˤur/ (dialect: *-r > *-j) /*tˤur/ /*tˤur/
English manage, direct solid, thick 敦煌 ~ 燉煌 Dūnhuáng

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 敦 敦 敦 敦
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
No. 2587 2594 2597 2602
Phonetic
component		 敦 敦 敦 敦
Rime
group		 微 元 文 文
Rime
subdivision		 2 3 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 磓 團 敦 頓
Old
Chinese		 /*tuːl/ /*doːn/ /*tuːn/ /*tuːns/

Definitions

敦

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Japanese

Kanji

敦

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. kindness, affinity

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
敦
たい
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 敦 ‎(twoj).

Pronunciation

Noun

敦 ‎(hiragana たい, romaji tai)

  1. dui (vessel)

Proper noun

敦 ‎(hiragana あつし, romaji Atsushi)

  1. A male given name

敦 ‎(hiragana つとむ, romaji Tsutomu)

  1. A male given name

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean

Hanja

敦 • ‎(don, toe) (hangeul 돈, 퇴, revised don, toe, McCune-Reischauer ton, t'oe, Yale ton, thoy)

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Vietnamese

Han character

敦 (đôn, đon, gion, ton, xôn, xun, dôn, đùn, giôn, nhật)

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