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Definition 2025
弦
弦
See also: 絃
Translingual
Han character
弦 (radical 57 弓+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓卜女戈 (NYVI), four-corner 10232, composition ⿰弓玄)
References
- KangXi: page 357, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9754
- Dae Jaweon: page 674, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 993, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5F26
Chinese
| trad. | 弦/絃 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 弦 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (玄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 弦 | *ɡeːn |
| 絃 | *ɡeːn, *qʰʷeːn |
| 舷 | *ɡeːn |
| 痃 | *ɡeːn |
| 胘 | *ɡeːn, *ɡʷeːn |
| 蚿 | *ɡeːn |
| 伭 | *ɡeːn |
| 婱 | *ɡeːn |
| 玄 | *ɡʷeːn |
| 眩 | *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːn |
| 玹 | *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːn |
| 玆 | *ɡʷeːn |
| 詃 | *kʷeːn |
| 泫 | *ɡʷeːn |
| 鉉 | *ɡʷeːn |
| 炫 | *ɡʷeːn |
| 袨 | *ɡʷeːn |
| 衒 | *ɡʷeːn |
| 惤 | *ɡʷreːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡeːn) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jin4, jyun4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hièn / hiàn
- Min Dong (BUC): hièng
- Min Nan (POJ): hiân
- Wu (Wiktionary): hhi (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
- Wade-Giles: hsien2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
- IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing, erhua-ed)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊㄦ
- Wade-Giles: hsianrh2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyal
- IPA (key): /ɕjɑɻ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing, nonstandard literary)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢˊ
- Wade-Giles: hsüan2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuan
- IPA (key): /ɕy̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jin4, jyun4
- Yale: yìhn, yùhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jin4, jyn4
- IPA (key): /jiːn²¹/, /jyːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hièn
- Hakka Romanization System: hienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hian2
- IPA: /hi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiàn
- Hakka Romanization System: hianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hian2
- IPA: /hi̯an¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hièng
- IPA (key): /hieŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiân
- Tâi-lô: hiân
- Phofsit Daibuun: hieen
- IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhi (T3)
- IPA (key): /ɦi²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 弦 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕian³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɕian²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕian⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕiã⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɕyã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɕyan⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕiã²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ɕiã²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕian⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou |
/ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ 彈~子 /ɕyɛ̃n⁵³/ 續~ |
|
| Ürümqi | /ɕian⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕiɛn²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕyan³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕian²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕiɛ̃³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ɕyen²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ɕyĩ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕye¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ɕye̞¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ɕye³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦi²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦiɪ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ji³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕye⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕiẽ¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɕiẽ¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕyɵn⁴⁵/ 三~ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hian¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /hien¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jin²¹/ |
| Nanning | /jin²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jyn²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /hian³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /hieŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /xyiŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /hĩ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/hin³¹/ /i³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 弦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 胡田切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦen/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦen/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦɛn/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣen/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣien/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xián |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 弦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xián |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hen › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɢ]ˤi[n]/ |
| English | string of bow or instrument |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 弦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14020 |
| Phonetic component |
玄 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
賢 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡeːn/ |
Definitions
弦
- string
- crescent
- spring of a clock
- (music) string on a musical instrument
- (music) stringed instruments or music played by stringed instruments
- (mathematics) chord
- (geometry) hypotenuse
- (figuratively) wife
- A surname.
Compounds
Derived terms from 弦
References
Japanese
Kanji
弦
- bowstring
Readings
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
弦 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, McCune-Reischauer hyŏn, Yale hyen)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
弦 (huyền)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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