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Definition 2024


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Translingual

Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kuːl
*kuːl, *ɡruːl
*ɡruːl, *ɡruːl
*ɡruːl
*ɡruːl
*ɡruːls
*ɡruːls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡruːls) : semantic  (earth) + phonetic  (OC *ɡruːl, *ɡruːl).

Han character

(radical 32 +16, 19 strokes, cangjie input 土卜田女 (GYWV), four-corner 44132, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 242, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5590
  • Dae Jaweon: page 481, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 500, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+58DE

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (28) (33)
Final () (34) (34)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division () II II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠuɛiH/ /ɦˠuɛiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʷᵚæiH/ /ɦʷᵚæiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kuɐiH/ /ɣuɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kwəɨjH/ /ɦwəɨjH/
Li
Rong
/kuɛiH/ /ɣuɛiH/
Wang
Li
/kwɐiH/ /ɣwɐiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kwăiH/ /ɣwăiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
guài huài
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/5 2/5 3/5 4/5 5/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
huài huài huài huài huài
Middle
Chinese
‹ hwɛjH › ‹ hwɛjH › ‹ hwojX › ‹ hwojX › ‹ kwɛjH ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-[k]ˤ<r>uj-s/ /*m-[k]ˤ<r>uj-s/ /*N-[k]ˤujʔ/ /*m-[k]ˤujʔ/ /*[k]ʷˤ<r>ujʔ-s/
English be destroyed destroy be destroyed destroy destroy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5344
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡruːls/

Definitions

  1. bad
  2. rotten; spoiled
  3. to spoil; to go rotten
  4. broken (non-functional)
  5. to break; to stop working
  6. to ruin; to destroy

Compounds

  • 壞心眼兒坏心眼儿
  • 壞東西坏东西
  • 壞死坏死 (huàisǐ)
  • 壞水坏水
  • 壞腸子坏肠子

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

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Readings


Korean

Hanja

(goe, hoe) (hangeul , , McCune-Reischauer koe, hoe)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(hoại, hoải, hoai)

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