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Definition 2025

副

副

副 U+526F, 副
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-526F
← 剮
[U+526E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 剰 →
[U+5270]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

副 (radical 18 刀+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一田中弓 (MWLN), four-corner 12600, composition ⿰畐刂)

  1. assist
  2. supplement
  3. assistant

References

  • KangXi: page 142, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2097
  • Dae Jaweon: page 322, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 347, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+526F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 副

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 副 副 副
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 滂 (2) 滂 (2) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 屋 (4) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) III III III
Fanqie 敷救切 芳福切 芳逼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pʰɨuH/ /pʰɨuk̚/ /pʰɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pʰiuH/ /pʰiuk̚/ /pʰɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pʰiəuH/ /pʰiuk̚/ /pʰiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pʰuwH/ /pʰuwk̚/ /pʰik̚/
Li
Rong		 /pʰiuH/ /pʰiuk̚/ /pʰiək̚/
Wang
Li		 /pʰĭəuH/ /pʰĭuk̚/ /pʰĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pʰi̯ə̯uH/ /pʰi̯uk̚/ /pʰi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fòu fu pi
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 副 副
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fù fù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ phik › ‹ phjuwH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pʰrək/ /*pʰək-s/
English split, cut open, cleave secondary

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 副 副 副
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 3374 3388 3404
Phonetic
component		 畐 畐 畐
Rime
group		 代 職 職
Rime
subdivision		 0 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 副 堛 蝮
Old
Chinese		 /*pʰɯɡs/ /*pʰrɯɡ/ /*pʰɯɡ/

Prefix

副

  1. designating somebody/something below another in rank
    副作用  ―  fùzuòyòng  ―  side effect
    副總統 / 副总统  ―  fùzǒngtǒng  ―  vice president

Noun

副

  1. (grammar) Short for 副詞／副词 (fùcí, “adverb”).

Japanese

Kanji

副

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Prefix

副 ‎(hiragana ふく, romaji fuku-)

  1. assistant, sub-, vice-, auxiliary, supplemental

Korean

Hanja

副 • ‎(bu, bok) (hangeul 부, 복, revised bu, bok, McCune-Reischauer pu, pok)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

副 (phó, pho)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology

Historical forms of the character 副
Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
富 *pɯɡs
輻 *pɯɡs, *pɯɡ
副 *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔 *pʰɯɡs
蔔 *bɯːɡ
匐 *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ
逼 *prɯɡ
偪 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
幅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
楅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
湢 *prɯɡ
堛 *pʰrɯɡ
愊 *pʰrɯɡ
踾 *pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊 *pʰrɯɡ
稫 *pʰrɯɡ
畐 *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ
疈 *pʰrɯɡ
腷 *brɯɡ
鶝 *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
福 *pɯɡ
蝠 *pɯɡ
葍 *pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ) : phonetic 畐 ‎(OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ) + semantic 刂 ‎(“knife”).

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