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Definition 2024

冬

冬

冬 U+51AC, 冬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51AC
← 冫
[U+51AB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 冭 →
[U+51AD]
See also: 鼕

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

冬 (radical 15 冫+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹水卜 (HEY), four-corner 27303, composition ⿱夂⺀ (GTJV) or ⿱夂冫 (K))

  1. winter, 11th lunar month
  2. bang, thud (鼕, 咚)

References

  • KangXi: page 131, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1610
  • Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 867, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+51AC

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 冬

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冬
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (冬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
疼 *dɯːŋ, *duːŋ
冬 *tuːŋ
苳 *tuːŋ
笗 *tuːŋ
炵 *tʰuːŋ, *duːŋ
佟 *duːŋ
鼕 *duːŋ
鉖 *duːŋ
終 *tjuŋ
螽 *tjuŋ
鼨 *tjuŋ
柊 *tjuŋ
鴤 *tjuŋ
泈 *tjuŋ
蔠 *tjuŋ

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 冬
Mandarin Beijing /tuŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /tuŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tuŋ²¹/
Jinan /tuŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /təŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tuŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /tuŋ²¹/
Xining /tuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tũn³¹/
Ürümqi /tuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /toŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /toŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /toŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /toŋ/
Nanjing /toŋ³¹/
Hefei /təŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /tuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /tũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /toŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /toŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /toŋ³³/
Wenzhou /toŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /tʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /tan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /toŋ³³/
Xiangtan /tən³³/
Gan Nanchang /tuŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tuŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /toŋ⁵³/
Nanning /tuŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tuŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
/taŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tøyŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /toŋ³³/
/taŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdoŋ²³/
/ʔdaŋ²³/
Rime
Character 冬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 冬 (5)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都宗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tuoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tuoŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /toŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tawŋ/
Li
Rong		 /toŋ/
Wang
Li		 /tuoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tuoŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dōng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 冬
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ towng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tˤuŋ/
English winter

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冬
Reading # 1/1
No. 2419
Phonetic
component		 冬
Rime
group		 終
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 冬
Old
Chinese		 /*tuːŋ/

Noun

冬

  1. winter

Compounds

See also

Seasons in Chinese · 四季 (sìjì) (layout · text)
春 (chūn, “spring”) 夏 (xià, “summer”) 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) 冬 (“winter”)

References

Japanese

Kanji

冬

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
冬
ふゆ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Noun

冬 ‎(hiragana ふゆ, romaji fuyu)

  1. winter (season)

Synonyms

See also

Seasons in Japanese · 四 (し)季 (き) ‎(shiki) (layout · text)
春 (はる) ‎(haru, “spring”) 夏 (なつ) ‎(natsu, “summer”) 秋 (あき) ‎(aki, “fall; autumn”) 冬 (ふゆ) ‎(fuyu, “winter”)

Korean

Hanja

冬 • ‎(dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune-Reischauer tong)

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Vietnamese

Han character

冬 (đông, đong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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