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Definition 2024

侍

侍

侍 U+4F8D, 侍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F8D
← 侌
[U+4F8C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 侎 →
[U+4F8E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

侍 (radical 9 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人土木戈 (OGDI), four-corner 24241, composition ⿰亻寺)

  1. to serve, to attend upon
  2. attendant, servant

References

  • KangXi: page 101, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 589
  • Dae Jaweon: page 215, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 143, character 17
  • Unihan data for U+4F8D

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 侍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 侍
Large seal script

L19117

L19118

L19119

L19120
Small seal script

s05766
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (寺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
等 *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ
待 *dɯːʔ
寺 *ljɯs
持 *l'ɯ
峙 *dɯʔ
痔 *dɯʔ
跱 *dɯʔ
歭 *dɯʔ
洔 *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ
畤 *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ
秲 *dɯʔ, *djɯs
庤 *dɯʔ
時 *djɯ
鰣 *djɯ
塒 *djɯ
蒔 *djɯ, *djɯs
榯 *djɯ
恃 *djɯʔ
侍 *djɯs
詩 *hljɯ
邿 *hljɯ
特 *dɯːɡ

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 侍
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 時吏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑɨH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑɨH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑɨH/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiəH/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭəH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shì
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 侍
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyiH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[d]əʔ-s/
English accompany, wait upon

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 侍
Reading # 1/1
No. 12049
Phonetic
component		 寺
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 侍
Old
Chinese		 /*djɯs/

Definitions

侍

  1. wait upon; serve

Derived terms

  • 姬侍
  • 媵侍
  • 常侍 (chángshì)
  • 接侍
  • 散騎常侍／散骑常侍
  • 服侍
  • 近侍 (jìnshì)
  • 選侍／选侍
  • 重侍下
  • 閽侍／阍侍
  • 陪侍
  • 隨侍／随侍
  • 鵠侍／鹄侍

References

  • Contemporary Chinese Dictionary (Xiandai Hanyu Cidian), Beijing: Commercial Press, 1994

Japanese

Kanji

侍

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Readings
Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
侍
さぶらい
Grade: S
kun'yomi

saburapi > saburaɸi > saburawi > saburai. The nominalized form of the verb 侍う ‎(saburau).

Noun

侍 ‎(hiragana さぶらい, romaji saburai, historical hiragana さぶらひ)

  1. one who serves nearby; a servant
  2. a warrior; samurai
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 545)
      Saburai. サブライ(侍) 貴族, または,尊敬すべき人〔武士〕.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
侍
さむらい
Grade: S
kun'yomi

saburaɸi > samuraɸi > samurawi > samurai. From earlier 侍 ‎(saburahi).

Pronunciation

Noun

侍 ‎(hiragana さむらい, romaji samurai, historical hiragana さむらひ)

  1. one who serves nearby; a servant
  2. a warrior; samurai

References

  1. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

侍 • ‎(si) (hangeul 시, McCune-Reischauer si)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

侍 (thị)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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