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Definition 2024

乂

乂

乂 U+4E42, 乂
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E42
← 乁
[U+4E41] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 乃 →
[U+4E43]
See also: 义, 父, and Appendix:Variations of "x"

Translingual

Han character

乂 (radical 4 丿+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大 (K) or X大 (XK), four-corner 40000)

References

  • KangXi: page 81, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 111
  • Dae Jaweon: page 165, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 31, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E42

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 乂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乂
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Oracle bone script

j26552
Large seal script

L19486

L19487
Small seal script

s09374

s10920
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
艾 *ŋaːds, *ŋads
鴱 *ŋaːds, *ŋads
餀 *hŋaːds
刈 *ŋads
乂 *ŋads

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 乂
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 廢 (27)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚肺切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋɨɐiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋiɐiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋiɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋɨajH/
Li
Rong		 /ŋiɐiH/
Wang
Li		 /ŋĭɐiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋi̯ɐiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 y-
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 乂 乂
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yì yì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngjojH › ‹ ngjojH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋa[t]-s/ /*ŋa[t]-s/
English mow, cut (v.) mow; regulate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 乂
Reading # 1/1
No. 14957
Phonetic
component		 乂
Rime
group		 祭
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 刈
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋads/

Definitions

乂

  1. govern, control, manage
  2. nurture

Japanese

Kanji

乂

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

乂 • ‎(ye)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 예 (revised: ye, McCune-Reischauer: ye)
  • Name (hangeul): 벨, 징계할 (revised: bel, jinggyehal, McCune-Reischauer: pel, chinggyehal)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Vietnamese

Han character

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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