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Definition 2024
на
на
Bulgarian
Preposition
на • (na)
- used to express possession, of, 's
- София е столицата на България. ― Sofija e stolicata na Bǎlgarija. ― Sofia is the capital of Bulgaria.
- къщата на баща ми ― kǎštata na bašta mi ― my father's house
- used to indicate the indirect object, to (or it's not translated)
- Дай го на Петър. ― Daj go na Petǎr. ― Give it to Peter.
- Дай на Петър една книга. ― Daj na Petǎr edna kniga. ― Give Peter a book.
- used with nouns formed from intransitive verbs to indicate the subject of the action, of
- пристигането на гостите ― pristiganeto na gostite ― the arrival of the guests
- избухването на войната ― izbuhvaneto na vojnata ― the outbreak of the war
- used with nouns formed from transitive verbs to indicate the direct object of the action, of
- четенето на книгата ― četeneto na knigata ― the reading of the book
- изобретяването на компютъра ― izobretjavaneto na kompjutǎra ― the invention of the computer
- used with some verbs such as уча, мириша, etc. to give a description of the action
- Дъхът му миришеше на чесън. ― Dǎhǎt mu mirišeše na česǎn. ― His breath smelt of garlic.
- Опитът ни на бежанци ни научи на много ценни уроци. ― Opitǎt ni na bežanci ni nauči na mnogo cenni uroci. ― Our experience as refugees taught us many valuable lessons.
- positioned at the upper surface of, within the limits of, on, on, at, in
- Книгата е на масата. ― Knigata e na masata. ― The book is on the table.
- на двора ― na dvora ― in the yard
- на море ― na more ― at the seaside
- на планина ― na planina ― in the mountain
- на сватба ― na svatba ― at a wedding
- на север ― na sever ― in the north
- на улицата ― na ulicata ― in the street
- на училище съм ― na učilište sǎm ― to be at school
- седя на масата ― sedja na masata ― to sit at the table
- used to show direction, to, on
- Отивам на плажа. ― Otivam na plaža. ― I'm going to the beach.
- на ляво/дясно ― na ljavo/djasno ― on the left/right
- used to indicate destination, in the direction of, and arriving at, on, to, for
- отивам на училище ― otivam na učilište ― to go to school
- отивам на работа ― otivam na rabota ― to go to work
- отивам на почивка ― otivam na počivka ― to go on a holiday
- отивам на разходка ― otivam na razhodka ― to go for a walk
- ходя на лов/риба/ски/покупки ― hodja na lov/riba/ski/pokupki ― to go hunting/fishing/skiing/shopping
- used to introduce a noun phrase that describes the verb, or if it is a linking verb, to describe the subject of the verb
- Времето е на дъжд. ― Vremeto e na dǎžd. ― It looks like rain.
- Вятърът духа на пролет. ― Vjatǎrǎt duha na prolet. ― The wind is blowing in a way that suggests that spring is coming.
- да обичаш на инат ― da običaš na inat ― to love stubbornly
- used to show a reason or cause, for
- Събрахме се на вечеря. ― Sǎbrahme se na večerja. ― We gathered for dinner.
- Занесох колелото си на поправка. ― Zanesoh koleloto si na popravka. ― I took my bike in for repair.
- used with certain time expressions to show when something happens, on, at, in (or it is not translated)
- Роден на 4 юли. ― Roden na 4 juli. ― Born on the 4th of July.
- На следващия ден имах изпит. ― Na sledvaštija den imah izpit. ― I had an exam (on) the following day.
- На сутринта имах ужасен махмурлук. ― Na sutrinta imah užasen mahmurluk. ― I had a terrible hangover in the morning.
- на залез слънце ― na zalez slǎnce ― at sunset
- на часа ― na časa ― immediately/at once
- used to introduce a verbal noun and to indicate that the action described by the verbal noun happens at the same time as another action, while, when
- На тръгване го погледна още веднъж. ― Na trǎgvane go pogledna ošte vednǎž. ― When/While he/she was leaving, he/she looked at him once more.
- На връщане минахме по по-кратък път. ― Na vrǎštane minahme po po-kratǎk pǎt. ― When we were coming back we took a shortcut.
- used with от to indicate the period over which something happens, to
- от време на време ― ot vreme na vreme ― from time to time
- от ден на ден ― ot den na den ― from day to day
- used to show the circumstances under which something happens, with, in
- спя на запалена лампа ― spja na zapalena lampa ― to sleep with the light turned on
- стоя на студено/топло ― stoja na studeno/toplo ― to stay in a cold/warm place
- used to show age, at
- Тя е на 12 години. ― Tja e na 12 godini. ― She is 12 years old.
- Той се ожени на 28. ― Toj se oženi na 28. ― He got married at 28.
- на 20-годишна възраст ― na 20-godišna vǎzrast ― at the age of 20
- used to indicate the distance away from something, at (or it is not translated)
- на една ръка разстояние ― na edna rǎka razstojanie ― at arm's length
- Той стоеше на няколко метра от мен. ― Toj stoeše na njakolko metra ot men. ― He was standing a few metres away from me.
- used to indicate the quantity used for buying, selling or measuring something, by
- продавам на метър/литър ― prodavam na metǎr/litǎr ― to sell by the metre/litre
- работя на парче ― rabotja na parče ― to work by the piece
- used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something, by
- Лесно е да обърнеш 2 на 2 матрица. ― Lesno e da obǎrneš 2 na 2 matrica. ― It is easy to invert a 2 by 2 matrix.
- Стаята беше около 4 на 6 фута. ― Stajata beše okolo 4 na 6 futa. ― The room was about 4 foot by 6 foot.
- Използвахме 10 на 20 на 30 сантиметрови тухли, за да построим станата. ― Izpolzvahme 10 na 20 na 30 santimetrovi tuhli, za da postroim stanata. ― We used 10 by 20 by 30 cm bricks to build the wall.
- used to indicate the rate at which something happens, per, by, a
- два пъти на ден/месец/година ― dva pǎti na den/mesec/godina ― twice a day/mouth/year
- на глава ― na glava ― per capita/head
- Плащат им на час. ― Plaštat im na čas. ― They are paid by the hour.
- по пет лева на човек ― po pet leva na čovek ― five levs each/five levs apiece/five levs per head
- used to indicate the parts into which something is divided, in, into, by
- разделям на две ― razdeljam na dve ― to divide in two
- режа на парчета ― reža na parčeta ― to cut in/into pieces
- 6 делено на 2 прави 3. ― 6 deleno na 2 pravi 3. ― 6 divided by 2 equals 3.
- used to show how or in what way something is done, by, in
- Учениците пристигнаха на малки групи. ― Učenicite pristignaha na malki grupi. ― The students arrived in small groups.
- на голо ― na golo ― on/over one's bare skin/next to the skin
- на дело ― na delo ― in practice
- на теория ― na teorija ― in theory
- на ръка ― na rǎka ― by hand
- на дребно ― na drebno ― retail
- на едро ― na edro ― wholesale
- на кръст ― na krǎst ― crosswise
- на шега ― na šega ― for fun
- used to indicate a change in state, to, into
- ставам на прах ― stavam na prah ― to turn in/into dust
- счупвам се на парчета ― sčupvam se na parčeta ― to break in/into pieces
- преструвам се на някого ― prestruvam se na njakogo ― to pretend to be someone/to impersonate someone
- правя се на болен ― pravja se na bolen ― to feign illness
- used to indicate an instrument
- работя на машина ― rabotja na mašina ― to run/operate a machine
- свиря на пиано ― svirja na piano ― to play the piano
- гледам на карти ― gledam na karti ― to fortune tell using a deck of cards
- гледам на кафе ― gledam na kafe ― to fortune tell using coffee
- броя на пръсти ― broja na prǎsti ― to count along one's fingers
- used to indicate a game
- играя на шах ― igraja na šah ― to play chess
- near, close to
- Суматранските тигри са на изчезване. ― Sumatranskite tigri sa na izčezvane. ― Sumatran tigers are near extinction.
- Припасите ни са на свършване. ― Pripasite ni sa na svǎršvane. ― Our supplies are running low.
- used to indicate a language, a way of speaking, etc., in
- Кажи го на английски. ― Kaži go na anglijski. ― Say it in English.
- Той говореше на висок глас. ― Toj govoreše na visok glas. ― He spoke in a loud voice.
Pronunciation 2
Particle
на • (na)
- (informal) used when giving something to someone, here you are, take it
- На ти парите! ― Na ti parite! ― Take the money!
- На ти! ― Na ti! ― Take that!
- (informal) used to express unexpectedness
- Говорим за Мария и на — тя насреща. ― Govorim za Marija i na — tja nasrešta. ― Speaking of Maria and here she is.
Macedonian
Preposition
на • (na)
- on (surface)
- Парите се на масата. ― Parite se na masata. ― The money is on the table.
- on, at (attending something)
- На концерт сум. ― Na koncert sum. ― I'm at a concert.
- of
- Скопје е главен град на Македонија. ― Skopje e glaven grad na Makedonija. ― Skopje is the capital of Macedonia.
- Изгоре куќата на сестра ми. ― Izgore kuḱata na sestra mi. ― My sister's house burnt down.
- to (indirect object)
- Дај му го писмово на син ти. ― Daj mu go pismovo na sin ti. ― Give this letter to your son.
Particle
на • (na)
- (rude) here you are (handing someone something)
Old Church Slavonic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-. Cognates Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “on, up”).
Preposition
на • (na)
Russian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neh₃.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nə]
Preposition
на • (na)
accusative case (movement towards):
- onto, on
- на стол ― na stol ― onto the table
- to, toward
- на по́чту ― na póčtu ― to the post office
- into, in
- (duration, value, purpose) for
- на что? ― na što? ― what for?
- about, for
- он объяви́л программу на сле́дующий день ― on obʺjavíl programmu na slédujuščij denʹ ― He announced a program for the next day
prepositional case (position on):
- on, upon
- на столе́ ― na stolé ― on the table
- in, at
- на по́чте ― na póčte ― at the post office
- with, for
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈna]
Particle
на • (na)
- here! (said when giving someone something, i.e., "take it!")
Derived terms
- на́те (náte)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂no(H). Compare на̏д.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /na/
Preposition
на (Latin spelling na)
- (with accusative) to, on, onto (with change of position, answering the question kùda)
- ићи на концерт ― to go to a concert
- ставити књигу на сто(л) ― to put a book on the table
- (with locative) on, at, in (without change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ)
- књига је на столу ― the book is on the table
- бити на концерту ― to be at the concert
- бити на улици ― to be in the street
- (with accusative) by, for, at (in expressions with time)
- отићи некуда на пар дана ― to go somewhere for a couple of days
- на љето/лето ― next summer, the following summer
- на вр(иј)еме ― on time
- бити плаћен на сат ― to be paid by the hour
- (with accusative) to indicate a source of power or energy
- подморница на атомски погон ― nuclear-powered submarine
Interjection
на! (Latin spelling na!)
- Here you are! Take it!
- Help yourself!