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Definition 2024

證

證

See also: 证 and 証

Translingual

Traditional 證
Shinjitai 証
Simplified 证

Han character

證 (radical 149 言+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜口弓人廿 (YRNOT), four-corner 02618, composition ⿰言登)

References

  • KangXi: page 1180, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35946
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1643, character 39
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4021, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+8B49

Chinese

trad. 證
simp. 证
alt. forms 証

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (登) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
登 *tɯːŋ
璒 *tɯːŋ
燈 *tɯːŋ
簦 *tɯːŋ
蹬 *tɯːŋ, *dɯːŋs
磴 *tɯːŋ, *tɯːŋs, *tʰɯːŋ
鐙 *tɯːŋ, *tɯːŋs
嶝 *tɯːŋs
隥 *tɯːŋs
橙 *tɯːŋs, *rdɯːŋ
凳 *tɯːŋs
墱 *tɯːŋs
鼟 *tʰɯːŋ
膯 *tʰɯːŋ
澄 *dɯːŋs, *dɯŋ, *rdɯŋ
鄧 *dɯːŋs
僜 *dɯːŋs, *tʰɯŋ
覴 *tʰɯŋs
瞪 *dɯŋ, *dɯŋs, *rdɯːŋ
憕 *dɯŋ, *rdɯŋ, *rdɯːŋ
撜 *tjɯŋʔ
證 *tjɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjɯŋs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 登 ‎(OC *tɯːŋ).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 證
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 諸應切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕɨŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕɨŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕieŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ciŋH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕiəŋH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕĭəŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕi̯əŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhèng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 證
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhèng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyingH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tәŋ-s/
English testify, prove

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 證
Reading # 1/1
No. 2197
Phonetic
component		 登
Rime
group		 蒸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 證
Old
Chinese		 /*tjɯŋs/

Definitions

證

  1. to prove; to testify; to verify
  2. proof; evidence

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

證

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 証)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

證 • ‎(jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune-Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)

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Vietnamese

Han character

證 (chứng, chững, chống, chừng)

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