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Definition 2025
證
證
Translingual
| Traditional | 證 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 証 |
| Simplified | 证 |
Han character
證 (radical 149 言+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜口弓人廿 (YRNOT), four-corner 02618, composition ⿰言登)
References
- KangXi: page 1180, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35946
- Dae Jaweon: page 1643, character 39
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4021, character 11
- Unihan data for U+8B49
Chinese
| trad. | 證 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 证 | |
| alt. forms | 証 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (登) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 登 | *tɯːŋ |
| 璒 | *tɯːŋ |
| 燈 | *tɯːŋ |
| 簦 | *tɯːŋ |
| 蹬 | *tɯːŋ, *dɯːŋs |
| 磴 | *tɯːŋ, *tɯːŋs, *tʰɯːŋ |
| 鐙 | *tɯːŋ, *tɯːŋs |
| 嶝 | *tɯːŋs |
| 隥 | *tɯːŋs |
| 橙 | *tɯːŋs, *rdɯːŋ |
| 凳 | *tɯːŋs |
| 墱 | *tɯːŋs |
| 鼟 | *tʰɯːŋ |
| 膯 | *tʰɯːŋ |
| 澄 | *dɯːŋs, *dɯŋ, *rdɯŋ |
| 鄧 | *dɯːŋs |
| 僜 | *dɯːŋs, *tʰɯŋ |
| 覴 | *tʰɯŋs |
| 瞪 | *dɯŋ, *dɯŋs, *rdɯːŋ |
| 憕 | *dɯŋ, *rdɯŋ, *rdɯːŋ |
| 撜 | *tjɯŋʔ |
| 證 | *tjɯŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjɯŋs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zing3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳn
- Min Dong (BUC): céng
- Min Nan (POJ): chèng
- Wu (Wiktionary): tsen (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ
- Wade-Giles: chêng4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenq
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zing3
- Yale: jing
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzing3
- IPA (key): /t͡sɪŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳn
- Hakka Romanization System: ziin
- Hagfa Pinyim: zin4
- IPA: /t͡sɨn⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: céng
- IPA (key): /t͡sɛiŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng
- Tâi-lô: tsìng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zexng
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tsen (T2)
- IPA (key): /t͡səɲ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 證 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 諸應切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ɕɨŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/t͡ɕɨŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ɕieŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ciŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ɕiəŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ɕĭəŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡ɕi̯əŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhèng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 證 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhèng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tsyingH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tәŋ-s/ |
| English | testify, prove |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 證 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2197 |
| Phonetic component |
登 |
| Rime group |
蒸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
證 |
| Old Chinese |
/*tjɯŋs/ |
Definitions
證
Compounds
Derived terms from 證
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Japanese
Kanji
證
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 証)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
證 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune-Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
證 (chứng, chững, chống, chừng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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