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Definition 2024


Translingual

Han character

(radical 145 +4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜田一女 (YWMV), four-corner 00732)

  1. decline, decrease, wane
  2. falter, fail, fade
  3. weaken, wither

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 1112, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34127
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1577, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3076, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8870

See also


Chinese

simp. and trad.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂuai⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂuai⁴⁴/
/suai⁴⁴/
Tianjin /suai²¹/
Jinan /ʂuɛ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂuɛ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʂuai²⁴/
Xi'an /fai²¹/
Xining /fɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂuɛ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /fɛ³¹/
Ürümqi /ʂuai⁴⁴/
/fai⁴⁴/
Wuhan /suai⁵⁵/
Chengdu /suai⁵⁵/
Guiyang /suai⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʂuæ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʂuae³¹/
Hefei /ʂue̞²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /suai¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuæ¹³/
/suæ¹³/
Hohhot /suɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /se⁵³/
Suzhou /se̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /se̞³³/
Wenzhou /sai³³/
Hui Shexian /sɛ³¹/
Tunxi /so¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕyai³³/
Xiangtan /sai³³/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /soi⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /soi²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /søy⁵³/
Nanning /sui⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /søy⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sue⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /søy⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /so⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sue³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /suai²³/
/sɔi²³/ ~弱
/sue²³/ 倒霉

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (19) (21)
Final () (14) (18)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division () Chongniu III Chongniu III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ʃʰˠiuᴇ/ /ʃˠiuɪ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈ͡ʂʰʷᵚiɛ/ /ʃʷᵚi/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ʃʰiuɛ/ /ʃiuɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈ͡ʂʰjwiə̆/ /ʂjwi/
Li
Rong
/t͡ʃʰjue/ /ʃjui/
Wang
Li
/t͡ʃʰǐwe/ /ʃwi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʈ͡ʂʰwie̯/ /ʂwi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chuāi shuāi
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
cuī cuī shuāi
Middle
Chinese
‹ tshwoj › ‹ tsrhjwe › ‹ srwij ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s.r̥]ˤruj/ /*[tsʰ]roj/ /*sruj/
English mourning clothes reduce diminish, decline

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11926 11927
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3 3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰrol/ /*srul/

Definitions

  1. to grow weak; to decrease in strength
  2. (Min Nan) to have poor luck
  3. (Cantonese) (of situations, people, etc) detestable
    [Cantonese]   Gam3seoi1 gaa4! [Jyutping]   That's awful!
  4. (Cantonese) (of people) displeasing; disagreeable; awful
    [Cantonese]   seoi1 po4 [Jyutping]   bitch
Antonyms
  • (Cantonese: disagreeable): (hou2)
See also
  • (to have poor luck): 倒霉 (dǎoméi)
  • (Cantonese: disagreeable): (jai5), (ok3)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂuai⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂuai⁴⁴/
/suai⁴⁴/
Tianjin /suai²¹/
Jinan /ʂuɛ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂuɛ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʂuai²⁴/
Xi'an /fai²¹/
Xining /fɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂuɛ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /fɛ³¹/
Ürümqi /ʂuai⁴⁴/
/fai⁴⁴/
Wuhan /suai⁵⁵/
Chengdu /suai⁵⁵/
Guiyang /suai⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʂuæ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʂuae³¹/
Hefei /ʂue̞²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /suai¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuæ¹³/
/suæ¹³/
Hohhot /suɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /se⁵³/
Suzhou /se̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /se̞³³/
Wenzhou /sai³³/
Hui Shexian /sɛ³¹/
Tunxi /so¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕyai³³/
Xiangtan /sai³³/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /soi⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /soi²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /søy⁵³/
Nanning /sui⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /søy⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sue⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /søy⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /so⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sue³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /suai²³/
/sɔi²³/ ~弱
/sue²³/ 倒霉

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (19) (21)
Final () (14) (18)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division () Chongniu III Chongniu III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ʃʰˠiuᴇ/ /ʃˠiuɪ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈ͡ʂʰʷᵚiɛ/ /ʃʷᵚi/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ʃʰiuɛ/ /ʃiuɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈ͡ʂʰjwiə̆/ /ʂjwi/
Li
Rong
/t͡ʃʰjue/ /ʃjui/
Wang
Li
/t͡ʃʰǐwe/ /ʃwi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʈ͡ʂʰwie̯/ /ʂwi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chuāi shuāi
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
cuī cuī shuāi
Middle
Chinese
‹ tshwoj › ‹ tsrhjwe › ‹ srwij ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s.r̥]ˤruj/ /*[tsʰ]roj/ /*sruj/
English mourning clothes reduce diminish, decline

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11926 11927
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3 3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰrol/ /*srul/

Definitions

  1. a type of mourning garment

References


Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

Compounds


Korean

Hanja

(soe, choe, sa) (hangeul , , , revised soe, choe, sa, McCune-Reischauer soe, ch'oe, sa, Yale soy, choy, sa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(suy, thôi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.