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Definition 2024

楚

楚

See also: 椘

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

楚 (radical 75 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木木弓卜人 (DDNYO), four-corner 44801, composition ⿱林疋)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 539, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15141
  • Dae Jaweon: page 927, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1244, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+695A

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 楚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (疋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
疋 *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ
蝑 *sŋas, *sŋa
壻 *sŋeːs
婿 *sŋeːs
胥 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
稰 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
楈 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
諝 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
湑 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
揟 *sŋa
醑 *sŋaʔ
糈 *sŋaʔ, *sŋraʔ
楚 *sŋ̥ʰraʔ, *sŋ̥ʰras
礎 *sŋ̥ʰraʔ
憷 *sŋ̥ʰraʔ
齼 *sŋ̥ʰraʔ
濋 *sŋ̥ʰraʔ
儊 *sŋ̥ʰras
綀 *sŋra
疎 *sŋra
疏 *sŋra, *sŋras
蔬 *sŋra
梳 *sŋra

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sŋ̥ʰraʔ, *sŋ̥ʰras) : semantic 林 ‎(“trees”) + phonetic 疋 ‎(OC *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ) – a place with many trees, the Kingdom of Chu.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 楚
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡sʰu¹³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁴²/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵³/
Xi'an /t͡sʰou⁵³/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰu⁵³/
Lanzhou /p͡fʰu⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰəu⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡sʰu⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡sʰu⁴²/
Kunming /t͡sʰu⁵³/
Nanjing /t͡sʰu²¹²/
Hefei /t͡sʰʊ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰu⁵³/
Pingyao /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰu⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰu³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰəu⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰu⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰɤu³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰu³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡sʰəu³¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰəu⁴¹/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰəɯ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰu³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰu³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰu²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰo⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /su²¹³/
Rime
Character 楚 楚
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 初 (19) 初 (19)
Final (韻) 魚 (22) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 創舉切 瘡據切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ʃʰɨʌX/ /t͡ʃʰɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈ͡ʂʰiɔX/ /ʈ͡ʂʰiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ʃʰiɔX/ /t͡ʃʰiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆X/ /ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ʃʰiɔX/ /t͡ʃʰiɔH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ʃʰĭoX/ /t͡ʃʰĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʈ͡ʂʰi̯woX/ /ʈ͡ʂʰi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chǔ chù
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 楚 楚 楚
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chǔ chǔ chǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsrhjoX › ‹ tsrhjoX › ‹ tsrhjoX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s.r̥]aʔ/ /*s.r̥aʔ/ /*s.r̥aʔ/
English arrange in order thorns name of a state

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 楚 楚
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11781 11786
Phonetic
component		 疋 疋
Rime
group		 魚 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 楚 楚
Old
Chinese		 /*sŋ̥ʰraʔ/ /*sŋ̥ʰras/

Definitions

楚

  1. pain; suffering
  2. clear; distinct
    清楚  ―  qīngchǔ  ―  clear
  3. neat; clean; tidy
  4. bright; gorgeous
    楚楚  ―  chǔchǔ  ―  tidy; dainty, charming
  5. (TCM) deciduous bush used in Chinese medicine (genus Vitex)
  6. (historical) punishment cane
  7. (historical) to beat with a punishment cane
  8. (historical) Chu, an ancient Chinese viscounty and kingdom along the Yangtze River during the Zhou dynasty.
  9. The realm of this state under later imperial Chinese dynasties; modern-day Hubei and Hunan regions of China.
  10. A surname​.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

楚

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

楚 • ‎(cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune-Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)

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Vietnamese

Han character

楚 (sở, sỡ)

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