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Definition 2024
熊
熊
See also: 態
Translingual
Han character
熊 (radical 86 火+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈心火 (IPF), four-corner 21331, composition ⿱能灬)
References
- KangXi: page 679, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19294
- Dae Jaweon: page 1090, character 32
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2227, character 5
- Unihan data for U+718A
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
熊 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 熊
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-wam.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hung4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yùng
- Min Dong (BUC): hṳ̀ng
- Min Nan (POJ): hîm / hiông
- Wu (Wiktionary): hhion (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥˊ
- Wade-Giles: hsiung2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyong
- IPA (key): /ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hung4
- Yale: hùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: hung4
- IPA (key): /hʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
- Hakka Romanization System: iungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yung2
- IPA: /i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yung2
- IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̀ng
- IPA (key): /hyŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hîm / hiông
- Tâi-lô: hîm / hiông
- Phofsit Daibuun: hiim, hioong
- IPA (Xiamen): /him²⁴/, /hiɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /him²⁴/, /hiɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /him¹³/, /hiɔŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /him²⁴/, /hiɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /him²³/, /hiɔŋ²³/
-
- Note: hîm - vernacular; hiông - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhion (T3)
- IPA (key): /ɦi̯ʊŋ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 熊 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕyŋ³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɕyŋ²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕyŋ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕyŋ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɕiŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɕyuŋ⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕyŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ɕyə̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕyŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɕỹn⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɕyŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕioŋ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕyoŋ³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕioŋ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕiŋ³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ɕioŋ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕyəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ɕyŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ɕỹŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦioŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦioŋ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦioŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /joŋ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕyʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕin⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕioŋ¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɕin¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiuŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iuŋ¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʒuŋ¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hoŋ²¹/ |
| Nanning | /juŋ²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /huŋ²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/hiɔŋ³⁵/ /him³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /hyŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /xœyŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /him⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /hiɔŋ³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 熊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 羽弓切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣĭuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/i̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yóng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 熊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xióng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hjuwng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*C.[ɢ]ʷ(r)əm/ |
| English | bear (n.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 熊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13906 |
| Phonetic component |
熊 |
| Rime group |
侵 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
雄 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɢʷlɯm/ |
Definitions
熊
- bear (mammal) (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 隻／只)
- (colloquial) to scold
- to oppress, to tyrannise
- mean; malicious; merciless
- loutish; oafish
- A surname: Xiong (mainland China), Hsiung (Taiwan), Hung (Hong Kong)
Compounds
|
Japanese
Kanji
熊
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
|
Etymology
熊 (kuma): a brown bear.
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 熊 |
|
くま Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Probably cognate with 隈 (kuma, “inside corner; inner bend; hollow or hole in something”), perhaps from the way that bears often live in dens. Probably also cognate with Korean 곰 (gom, “bear; hole”).
Pronunciation
- Kun'yomi
- (Tokyo) くま [kùmáꜜ] (Odaka - [2])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) くま [kúꜜmà] (Atamadaka - [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [kɯᵝma̠]
Noun
熊 (hiragana くま, katakana クマ, romaji kuma)
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana in biological contexts, as クマ.
Derived terms
Derived terms
|
References
- 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
熊 • (ung) (hangeul 웅, revised ung, McCune-Reischauer ung, Yale wung)
Synonyms
- 羆 (말곰 비, malgom bi) brown bear, horse bear
Vietnamese
Han character
熊 (hùng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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