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Definition 2024

歉

歉

See also: 欠

Translingual

Han character

歉 (radical 76 欠+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿金弓人 (TCNO) or X廿金弓人 (XTCNO), four-corner 87282, composition ⿰兼欠)

  1. deficient, lacking, insufficient
  2. to apologize
  3. to regret

References

  • KangXi: page 570, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16159
  • Dae Jaweon: page 958, character 30
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2148, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+6B49

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 歉

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 歉
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (兼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
譧 *r'eːms
賺 *r'eːms
尲 *kreːm
鹻 *kreːmʔ
歉 *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms
槏 *kʰreːmʔ
鰜 *ɡreːm, *keːm
稴 *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm
豏 *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms
甉 *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm
廉 *ɡ·rem
鎌 *ɡ·rem
鬑 *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
鐮 *ɡ·rem
簾 *ɡ·rem
薕 *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
蠊 *ɡ·rem
嬚 *ɡ·remʔ
溓 *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ
嵰 *kʰremʔ
隒 *ŋɡremʔ
熑 *ɡ·reːm
濂 *ɡ·reːm
燫 *ɡ·reːm
兼 *keːm, *keːms
縑 *keːm
鶼 *keːm
蒹 *keːm
搛 *keːm
謙 *kʰeːm
膁 *kʰeːmʔ
嗛 *kʰeːmʔ
慊 *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb
傔 *kʰeːms
馦 *qʰeːm
嫌 *ɡeːm
鼸 *ɡeːmʔ
尷 *kreːm

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 歉 歉 歉
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 溪 (29) 溪 (29) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 添 (157) 咸 (151) 咸 (151)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) IV II II
Fanqie 苦簟切 苦減切 口陷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰemX/ /kʰˠɛmX/ /kʰˠɛmH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰemX/ /kʰᵚæmX/ /kʰᵚæmH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰɛmX/ /kʰɐmX/ /kʰɐmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰɛmX/ /kʰəɨmX/ /kʰəɨmH/
Li
Rong		 /kʰemX/ /kʰɐmX/ /kʰɐmH/
Wang
Li		 /kʰiemX/ /kʰɐmX/ /kʰɐmH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰiemX/ /kʰămX/ /kʰămH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qiǎn qiǎn qiàn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 歉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qiàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khɛmH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰˤremʔ-s/
English deficient, modest

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 歉 歉 歉 歉
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
No. 6033 6034 6071 6075
Phonetic
component		 兼 兼 兼 兼
Rime
group		 談 談 談 談
Rime
subdivision		 2 2 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 歉 㦿 嗛
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰreːms/ /*kʰreːmʔ/ /*kʰeːmʔ/ /*kʰeːms/
Notes 校本右從攴

Definitions

歉

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Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

歉

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

歉 • ‎(gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune-Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)

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Vietnamese

Han character

歉 (gồm, khiểm)

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