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Definition 2024


Translingual

Han character

(radical 38 +10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 女廿X金 (VTXC), four-corner 48437, composition)

  1. hate, detest
  2. suspect
  3. criticize

References

  • KangXi: page 269, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6618
  • Dae Jaweon: page 536, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1073, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5ACC

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*r'eːms
*r'eːms
*kreːm
*kreːmʔ
*kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms
*kʰreːmʔ
*ɡreːm, *keːm
*ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm
*ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms
*ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm
*ɡ·rem
*ɡ·rem
*ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
*ɡ·rem
*ɡ·rem
*ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
*ɡ·rem
*ɡ·remʔ
*ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ
*kʰremʔ
*ŋɡremʔ
*ɡ·reːm
*ɡ·reːm
*ɡ·reːm
*keːm, *keːms
*keːm
*keːm
*keːm
*keːm
*kʰeːm
*kʰeːmʔ
*kʰeːmʔ
*kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb
*kʰeːms
*qʰeːm
*ɡeːm
*ɡeːmʔ
*kreːm

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian³⁵/
Harbin /ɕian²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕian⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕiã⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕiã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕian⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕiã²⁴/
Xining /ɕiã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕian⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕian⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕiɛn²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕian³¹/
Guiyang /ɕian²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing /ɕien²⁴/
Hefei /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕie̞¹³/ ~疑
/xæ¹³/ ~疼咧
Hohhot /ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦi²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ji³¹/
/ɦa³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕie⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ɕiẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /ɕiẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /hiam¹¹/
Taoyuan /hiɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jim²¹/
Nanning /jim²¹/
Hong Kong /jim²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiam³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hieŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hiam⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hiam³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (157)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦem/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦem/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɛm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦɛm/
Li
Rong
/ɣem/
Wang
Li
/ɣiem/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣiem/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xián
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xián
Middle
Chinese
‹ hem ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-kˤem/
English doubt, doubtful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6078
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡeːm/

Definitions

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Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Adjectival noun

(-na inflection, hiragana いや, romaji iya)

  1. disagreeable, unpleasant
     (いや) (かお)をする
    iya na kao o suru
    to make weird faces
     (いや) (おんな)
    iya na onna
    bitch
  2. unpleasant, disgusting, offensive
     (いや)なことを ()
    iya na koto o iu
    to say awful things
    ぞっとするほど (いや) () ()った。
    Zotto suru hodo iya na me ni atta.
    It was shockingly abhorrent.

Inflection

Usage notes

いや (iya) sounds more masculine than やだ (yada), which has the same meaning but is more feminine.


Korean

Hanja

(hyeom) (hangeul , revised hyeom, McCune-Reischauer hyŏm)

싫어할 혐, Reading : Hyeom, Meaning : Dislike(싫어하다, Shiruh-Hada) Commonly use with 惡 as 嫌惡(혐오, Hyeo-Mo) as a none, adjective or verb to express great dislike or hatred

Eg) 난 그것을 혐오한다. Nan Gogutsul Hyeomo-handa. I dislike it

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(hiềm, hem, hèm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.