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Definition 2024
桃
桃
Translingual
Han character
桃 (radical 75 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木中一人 (DLMO), four-corner 42913, composition ⿰木兆)
References
- KangXi: page 525, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14757
- Dae Jaweon: page 913, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1202, character 7
- Unihan data for U+6843
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
桃 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 桃
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (兆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 挑 | *l̥ʰaːw, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːwʔ |
| 洮 | *l̥ʰaːw, *l'aːw, *lew |
| 桃 | *l'aːw |
| 逃 | *l'aːw |
| 咷 | *l'aːw, *l̥ʰeːws |
| 鼗 | *l'aːw |
| 鞉 | *l'aːw |
| 駣 | *l'aːw, *l'aːwʔ, *l'aːws, *l'ewʔ |
| 𣂁 | *sl̥ʰew |
| 脁 | *l̥ʰews |
| 晁 | *l'ew |
| 兆 | *l'ewʔ |
| 旐 | *l'ewʔ |
| 狣 | *l'ewʔ |
| 鮡 | *l'ewʔ, *l'eːw |
| 垗 | *l'ewʔ |
| 姚 | *lew |
| 珧 | *lew |
| 銚 | *lew, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːws |
| 恌 | *lew, *l̥ʰeːw |
| 烑 | *lew |
| 餆 | *lew |
| 筄 | *lews |
| 艞 | *lews |
| 佻 | *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːw |
| 祧 | *l̥ʰeːw |
| 朓 | *l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːwʔ |
| 庣 | *l̥ʰeːw |
| 趒 | *l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw |
| 聎 | *l̥ʰeːw |
| 眺 | *l̥ʰeːws |
| 覜 | *l̥ʰeːws |
| 頫 | *l̥ʰeːws, *poʔ |
| 絩 | *l̥ʰeːws |
| 跳 | *l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw |
| 窕 | *l'eːwʔ |
| 誂 | *l'eːwʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'aːw) : semantic 木 + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tou4, tou4-2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thò
- Min Dong (BUC): tò̤
- Min Nan (POJ): thô / tô
- Wu (Wiktionary): dau (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ
- Wade-Giles: t'ao2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taur
- IPA (key): /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing, erhua-ed) (桃兒／桃儿)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊㄦ
- Wade-Giles: t'aorh2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taulr
- IPA (key): /tʰaʊɻʷ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: tou4, tou4-2
- Yale: tòuh, tóu
- Cantonese Pinyin: tou4, tou4-2
- IPA (key): /tʰou̯²¹/, /tʰou̯²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thò
- Hakka Romanization System: toˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: to2
- IPA: /tʰo¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tò̤
- IPA (key): /tʰo⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: dau (T3)
- IPA (key): /d̻ɔ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 桃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒刀切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/dɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/dɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/dɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/daw/ |
| Li Rong |
/dɑu/ |
| Wang Li |
/dɑu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/dʱɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
táo |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 桃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
táo |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ daw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*C.lˤaw/ |
| English | peach |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 桃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16844 |
| Phonetic component |
兆 |
| Rime group |
宵 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
陶 |
| Old Chinese |
/*l'aːw/ |
Definitions
桃
- peach tree
- 桃花 ― táohuā ― peach flower
- peach (fruit)
- peach-shaped object
- birthday
- Short for 核桃 (hétao, “walnut; made of walnut”).
- A surname.
Compounds
Derived terms from 桃
|
|
|
Japanese
Kanji
桃
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 桃 |
|
もも Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Brought to Japan in antiquity, with pits found in prehistoric sites from the Yayoi period, 300 BCE - 300 CE. Mentioned as a food in documents from the Nara and Heian periods.[1]
Ultimate derivation unknown. Theories include the following.
- Possibly derived originally from a reduplication of 実 (Old Japanese mu, modern Japanese mi, “fruit”), from the way that peaches often grow in clusters. However, the vowel shift seems unlikely given regular Japanese phonetic shifts. In addition, most reduplicated terms in Japanese have the 頭高型 (atamadaka-gata) pitch accent pattern, starting high and falling.
- Possibly cognate with Old Japanese 百 (momo, “hundred; lots”). However, this term also has the 頭高型 (atamadaka-gata) pitch accent pattern.
- Possibly a reduplication of 毛 (mo, “hair”), from the way that peaches are hairy. The term is spelled as 毛毛 in some ancient documents. However, 毛 was commonly used as man'yōgana for its phonetic value, in which cases its original Chinese meaning of hair is usually ignored.
None of the above possibilities seems very compelling. Given the archaeological evidence, this term probably originated before the Japanese ancestor population migrated to the Japanese archipelago.
Possibly related to 梅 (ancient mume, modern ume, “Japanese apricot, Japanese plum”).
Pronunciation
Noun
桃 (hiragana もも, katakana モモ, romaji momo)
Derived terms
Derived terms
|
Idioms
Idioms
|
Descendants
- Ainu: モマ (moma, “Japanese peach, Japanese apricot”)
Proper noun
- A female given name
References
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
桃 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune-Reischauer to, Yale to)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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