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Definition 2025
如
如
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
如 (radical 38 女+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 女口 (VR), four-corner 46400, composition ⿰女口)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 255, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6060
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1025, character 9
- Unihan data for U+5982
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
如 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 如
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (女) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 拿 | *rnaː |
| 拏 | *rnaː |
| 詉 | *rnaː |
| 蒘 | *rnaː, *na |
| 笯 | *rnaː, *naː, *naːs |
| 挐 | *rnaː, *na |
| 絮 | *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas |
| 呶 | *rnaːw |
| 怓 | *rnaːw |
| 帑 | *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː |
| 奴 | *naː |
| 砮 | *naː, *naːʔ |
| 駑 | *naː |
| 孥 | *naː |
| 努 | *naːʔ |
| 弩 | *naːʔ |
| 怒 | *naːʔ, *naːs |
| 袽 | *na |
| 帤 | *na |
| 女 | *naʔ, *nas |
| 籹 | *naʔ |
| 恕 | *hnjas |
| 如 | *nja, *njas |
| 茹 | *nja, *njaʔ, *njas |
| 洳 | *nja, *njas |
| 鴽 | *nja |
| 蕠 | *nja |
| 汝 | *njaʔ |
| 肗 | *njaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *nja, *njas) : phonetic 女 (OC *naʔ, *nas, “woman”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). Also interpreted as ideogrammic compound (會意) : a woman obeying an order.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì
- Min Dong (BUC): ṳ̀
- Min Nan (POJ): jû / lû
- Wu (Wiktionary): zr (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ
- Wade-Giles: ju2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ru
- IPA (key): /ʐu³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jyu4
- Yale: yùh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jy4
- IPA (key): /jyː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- IPA: /i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀
- IPA (key): /y⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû / lû
- Tâi-lô: jû / lû
- Phofsit Daibuun: juu, luu
- IPA (Xiamen): /d͡zu²⁴/, /lu²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /d͡zu²⁴/, /lu²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zu¹³/, /lu¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /d͡zu²⁴/, /lu²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /d͡zu²³/, /lu²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zr (T3)
- IPA (key): /z̻z̩²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 如 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐu³⁵/ |
| Harbin |
/lu²⁴/ /ʐu²⁴/ |
|
| Tianjin |
/iu⁴⁵/ /ʐu⁴⁵/ |
|
| Jinan | /lu⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /y⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʐu⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /vu²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /v̩²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʐu⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /vu¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi |
/ʐu²¹³/ /vu²¹³/ |
|
| Wuhan | /y²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /zu³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /zu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʐu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʐu²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʐu⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /zu¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /zz̩ʷ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ʐu³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zz̩²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zz̩ʷ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zz̩ʷ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zz̩³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /y⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /y⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /y¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /y¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɵ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /i¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | ||
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jy²¹/ |
| Nanning | /y²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jy²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /lu³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /y⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /y²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /zu⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/zu³¹/ /zi³¹/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 如 | 如 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 人諸切 | 人恕切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ȵɨʌ/ | /ȵɨʌH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ȵiɔ/ | /ȵiɔH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȵʑiɔ/ | /ȵʑiɔH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ȵɨə̆/ | /ȵɨə̆H/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȵiɔ/ | /ȵiɔH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȵʑĭo/ | /ȵʑĭoH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȵʑi̯wo/ | /ȵʑi̯woH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
rú | rù |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 如 | 如 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
rú | rú |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nyo › | ‹ nyo › |
| Old Chinese |
/*na/ | /*na/ |
| English | go to | as, like, if |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 如 | 如 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 9623 | 9631 |
| Phonetic component |
女 | 女 |
| Rime group |
魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
如 | 洳 |
| Old Chinese |
/*nja/ | /*njas/ |
Definitions
如
Compounds
Derived terms from 如
Japanese
Kanji
如
- to seem




