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Definition 2024

勉

勉

勉 U+52C9, 勉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52C9
← 勈
[U+52C8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 勊 →
[U+52CA]

Translingual

Han character

勉 (radical 19 力+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓山大尸 (NUKS), four-corner 24212, composition ⿺免力)

  1. endeavour, make an effort
  2. urge

References

  • KangXi: page 147, character 37
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2384
  • Dae Jaweon: page 333, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 372, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+52C9

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 勉

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (免) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
免 *mronʔ
娩 *mronʔ, *mronʔ, *m̥ʰons, *monʔ, *mons, *muns
勉 *mronʔ
俛 *mronʔ
鮸 *mronʔ
冕 *mronʔ
絻 *mronʔ, *moːn, *muns
婏 *m̥ʰos
浼 *muːlʔ
鞔 *moːn
悗 *moːn
嬎 *m̥ʰons
晚 *monʔ
挽 *monʔ
輓 *monʔ, *mons
脕 *monʔ, *mons, *muns
莬 *muns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mronʔ) : phonetic 免 ‎(OC *mronʔ) + semantic 力 ‎(“strong”) – make a strong effort.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 勉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 仙 (79)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 亡辨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mˠiᴇnX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mᵚiɛnX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /miænX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mianX/
Li
Rong		 /mjɛnX/
Wang
Li		 /mĭɛnX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mi̯ɛnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 miǎn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 勉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 miǎn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mjenX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mr[o][r]ʔ/
English make an effort

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 勉
Reading # 1/1
No. 9068
Phonetic
component		 免
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 免
Old
Chinese		 /*mronʔ/

Definitions

勉

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

  • 勗勉
  • 勤勉 (qínmiǎn)
  • 勸勉／劝勉 (quànmiǎn)
  • 嘉勉
  • 困知勉行
  • 奮勉／奋勉
  • 強勉／强勉
  • 慰勉 (wèimiǎn)
  • 戒勉
  • 期勉
  • 淬勉
  • 獎勉／奖勉
  • 自勉
  • 訓勉／训勉
  • 黽勉／黾勉

Japanese

Kanji

勉

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 勉)

Readings

Compounds

Proper noun

勉 ‎(hiragana つとむ, romaji Tsutomu)

  1. A male given name

Usage notes

Korean

Hanja

勉 • ‎(myeon) (hangeul 면, revised myeon, McCune-Reischauer myŏn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

勉 (miễn, mến, mễn, mịn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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