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Definition 2025
俗
俗
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Translingual
Han character
俗 (radical 9 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人金人口 (OCOR), four-corner 28268, composition ⿰亻谷)
References
- KangXi: page 105, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 695
- Dae Jaweon: page 221, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 163, character 10
- Unihan data for U+4FD7
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
俗 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 俗
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| Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script | |||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (谷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 螸 | *lo |
| 裕 | *loɡs |
| 容 | *loŋ |
| 溶 | *loŋ, *loŋʔ |
| 鎔 | *loŋ |
| 蓉 | *loŋ |
| 傛 | *loŋ, *loŋʔ |
| 褣 | *loŋ |
| 搈 | *loŋ |
| 瑢 | *loŋ |
| 嵱 | *loŋ |
| 熔 | *loŋ |
| 榕 | *loŋ |
| 塎 | *loŋʔ |
| 谷 | *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ |
| 唂 | *kloːɡ |
| 焀 | *ɡloːɡ |
| 俗 | *ljoɡ |
| 欲 | *loɡ |
| 浴 | *loɡ |
| 鵒 | *loɡ |
| 峪 | *ɦkloːɡ |
| 鋊 | *loɡ |
| 輍 | *loɡ |
| 慾 | *loɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ljoɡ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ) – customs of people.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˊ
- Wade-Giles: su2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: swu
- IPA (key): /su³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zuk6
- Yale: juhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk9
- IPA (key): /t͡sʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k
- Tâi-lô: sio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: siok
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɔk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 俗 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /su³⁵/ |
| Harbin |
/ɕy²⁴/ /su²⁴/ |
|
| Tianjin |
/ɕy⁴⁵/ /su⁴⁵/ |
|
| Jinan | /ɕy⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /sy⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /sy⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕy²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ɕy²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕy¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /su⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /su²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /səu²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu |
/ɕyo³¹/ /ɕy³¹/ |
|
| Guiyang | /ɕiu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /su³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /suʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /suəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Pingyao | /ɕyʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ɕyəʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zoʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /zoʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡zoʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /jo²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /su²²/ |
| Tunxi | /siu⁵/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /səu²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /səɯ²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiuʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /siuk̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /siuk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sok̚²/ |
| Nanning | /suk̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡suk̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/siɔk̚⁵/ /sioʔ⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /syʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /sy²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /sok̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /tok̚³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 俗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 燭 (8) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 似足切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/zɨok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ziok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ziok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/zuawk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ziok̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/zĭwok̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/zi̯wok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
sú |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 俗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
sú |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ zjowk › |
| Old Chinese |
/*s-[ɢ]ok/ |
| English | ways, customs; vulgar |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 俗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4302 |
| Phonetic component |
谷 |
| Rime group |
屋 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
續 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ljoɡ/ |
Adjective
俗
Synonyms
- (cheap):
| Dialectal synonyms of 便宜 (“cheap”) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 便宜、低廉 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 便宜、賤 |
| Taiwan | 便宜 | |
| Jinan | 便宜、賤 | |
| Xi'an | 便宜、賤 | |
| Wuhan | 便宜、相因 | |
| Chengdu | 相因、便宜 | |
| Yangzhou | 便宜、划廉 | |
| Hefei | 巧、便宜 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 平 |
| Hong Kong | 平 | |
| Taishan | 平 | |
| Yangjiang | 平、平宜 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 便宜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 便宜、平 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 便宜 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 便宜 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 便宜 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 便宜 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 便宜 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 便宜 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 便宜、賤 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 便宜 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 便宜 |
| Min Nan | Quanzhou | 俗、便宜 |
| Xiamen | 俗、便宜 | |
| Zhangzhou | 俗、便宜 | |
| Taipei | 俗、便宜 | |
| Kaohsiung | 俗、便宜 | |
| Malaysia | 便宜 | |
| Chaozhou | 便 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 𠼢、便宜 |
| Suzhou | 便宜、𠼢 | |
| Wenzhou | 倯、便宜 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 便宜 |
| Shuangfeng | 便宜、賤 | |
Noun
俗
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
Adjectival noun
俗 (-na inflection, hiragana ぞく, romaji zoku)
- worldly
- vulgar
- common, lay
- 俗に言う
- zoku ni iu
- what is commonly referred to as
- 俗に言えば
- zoku ni ieba
- to use a common phrase
- 俗に言う
Inflection
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 俗だろ | ぞくだろ | zoku daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 俗で | ぞくで | zoku de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 俗だ | ぞくだ | zoku da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 俗な | ぞくな | zoku na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 俗なら | ぞくなら | zoku nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 俗であれ | ぞくであれ | zoku de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 俗ではない 俗じゃない |
ぞくではない ぞくじゃない |
zoku de wa nai zoku ja nai |
| Informal past | 俗だった | ぞくだった | zoku datta |
| Informal negative past | 俗ではなかった 俗じゃなかった |
ぞくではなかった ぞくじゃなかった |
zoku de wa nakatta zoku ja nakatta |
| Formal | 俗です | ぞくです | zoku desu |
| Formal negative | 俗ではありません 俗じゃありません |
ぞくではありません ぞくじゃありません |
zoku de wa arimasen zoku ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 俗でした | ぞくでした | zoku deshita |
| Formal negative past | 俗ではありませんでした 俗じゃありませんでした |
ぞくではありませんでした ぞくじゃありませんでした |
zoku de wa arimasen deshita zoku ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 俗で | ぞくで | zoku de |
| Conditional | 俗なら(ば) | ぞくなら(ば) | zoku nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 俗だったら | ぞくだったら | zoku dattara |
| Volitional | 俗だろう | ぞくだろう | zoku darō |
| Adverbial | 俗に | ぞくに | zoku ni |
| Degree | 俗さ | ぞくさ | zokusa |
Noun
Derived terms
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Korean
Hanja
俗 • (sok) (hangeul 속, revised sok, McCune-Reischauer sok, Yale sok)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
俗 (tục)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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