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Definition 2024
polir
polir
Catalan
Verb
polir (first-person singular present poleixo, past participle polit)
- to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
- to refine; remove imperfections
Conjugation
Conjugation of polir (third conjugation with -eix- infix)
| infinitive | polir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | polint | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | polit | polida | |||||
| plural | polits | polides | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès |
|
| present | poleixo | poleixes | poleix | polim | poliu | poleixen | |
| imperfect | polia | polies | polia | políem | políeu | polien | |
| future | poliré | poliràs | polirà | polirem | polireu | poliran | |
| preterite | polí | polires | polí | polírem | políreu | poliren | |
| conditional | poliria | poliries | poliria | poliríem | poliríeu | polirien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès |
|
| present | poleixi | poleixis | poleixi | polim | poliu | poleixin | |
| imperfect | polís | polissis | polís | políssim | políssiu | polissin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
| — | poleix | poleixi | polim | poliu | poleixin | ||
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɔ.liʁ/
Etymology
From Latin polīre, present active infinitive of poliō (“I polish”).
Verb
polir
- to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
- to refine; remove imperfections
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of polir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | polir | avoir poli | |||||
| gerund | en polissant | en ayant poli | |||||
| present participle | polissant /pɔ.li.sɑ̃/ |
||||||
| past participle | poli /pɔ.li/ |
||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | polis /pɔ.li/ |
polis /pɔ.li/ |
polit /pɔ.li/ |
polissons /pɔ.li.sɔ̃/ |
polissez /pɔ.li.se/ |
polissent /pɔ.lis/ |
| imperfect | polissais /pɔ.li.sɛ/ |
polissais /pɔ.li.sɛ/ |
polissait /pɔ.li.sɛ/ |
polissions /pɔ.li.sjɔ̃/ |
polissiez /pɔ.li.sje/ |
polissaient /pɔ.li.sɛ/ |
|
| past historic1 | polis /pɔ.li/ |
polis /pɔ.li/ |
polit /pɔ.li/ |
polîmes /pɔ.lim/ |
polîtes /pɔ.lit/ |
polirent /pɔ.liʁ/ |
|
| future | polirai /pɔ.li.ʁe/ |
poliras /pɔ.li.ʁa/ |
polira /pɔ.li.ʁa/ |
polirons /pɔ.li.ʁɔ̃/ |
polirez /pɔ.li.ʁe/ |
poliront /pɔ.li.ʁɔ̃/ |
|
| conditional | polirais /pɔ.li.ʁɛ/ |
polirais /pɔ.li.ʁɛ/ |
polirait /pɔ.li.ʁɛ/ |
polirions /pɔ.li.ʁjɔ̃/ |
poliriez /pɔ.li.ʁje/ |
poliraient /pɔ.li.ʁɛ/ |
|
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | polisse /pɔ.lis/ |
polisses /pɔ.lis/ |
polisse /pɔ.lis/ |
polissions /pɔ.li.sjɔ̃/ |
polissiez /pɔ.li.sje/ |
polissent /pɔ.lis/ |
| imperfect1 |
polisse /pɔ.lis/ |
polisses /pɔ.lis/ |
polît /pɔ.li/ |
polissions /pɔ.li.sjɔ̃/ |
polissiez /pɔ.li.sje/ |
polissent /pɔ.lis/ |
|
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | polis /pɔ.li/ |
— | polissons /pɔ.li.sɔ̃/ |
polissez /pɔ.li.se/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||
Related terms
Descendants
- German: polieren
Portuguese
Etymology
From Latin polīre, present active infinitive of poliō (“I polish”).
Pronunciation
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /pu.ˈliɾ/
Verb
polir (past participle polido)
- to polish; to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
- to refine; remove imperfections
Conjugation
Conjugation of the Portuguese -ir verb polir
Notes:[edit]
| ||||||
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) |
|
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | polir | |||||
| Personal | polir | polires | polir | polirmos | polirdes | polirem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| polindo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | polido | polidos | ||||
| Feminine | polida | polidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | - | - | - | polimos | polis | - |
| Imperfect | polia | polias | polia | políamos | políeis | poliam |
| Preterite | poli | poliste | poliu | polimos | polistes | poliram |
| Pluperfect | polira | poliras | polira | políramos | políreis | poliram |
| Future | polirei | polirás | polirá | poliremos | polireis | polirão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| poliria | polirias | poliria | poliríamos | poliríeis | poliriam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Imperfect | polisse | polisses | polisse | políssemos | polísseis | polissem |
| Future | polir | polires | polir | polirmos | polirdes | polirem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | - | - | - | - | poli | - |
| Negative (não) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin polīre, present active infinitive of poliō.
Verb
polir (first-person singular present polo, first-person singular preterite polí, past participle polido)
- (obsolete) to polish
Conjugation
| infinitive | polir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | poliendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | polido | polida | |||||
| plural | polidos | polidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes |
|
| present | polo | polestú polísvos |
pole | polimos | polís | polen | |
| imperfect | polía | polías | polía | políamos | políais | polían | |
| preterite | polí | poliste | polió | polimos | polisteis | polieron | |
| future | poliré | polirás | polirá | poliremos | poliréis | polirán | |
| conditional | poliría | polirías | poliría | poliríamos | poliríais | polirían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes |
|
| present | pola | polastú polásvos1 |
pola | polamos | poláis | polan | |
| imperfect (ra) |
poliera | polieras | poliera | poliéramos | polierais | polieran | |
| imperfect (se) |
poliese | polieses | poliese | poliésemos | polieseis | poliesen | |
| future | poliere | polieres | poliere | poliéremos | poliereis | polieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
| affirmative | poletú polívos |
pola | polamos | polid | polan | ||
| negative | no polas | no pola | no polamos | no poláis | no polan | ||
1Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.