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Definition 2024


hrjósa

hrjósa

Icelandic

Verb

hrjósa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative hraus, third-person plural past indicative hrusu, supine hrosið)

  1. to shudder
    Mér hrýs hugur við sóuninni sem stöðugt á sér stað í vestrænum þjóðfélögum.
    I shudder at the thought of the waste that continually happens in western societies.

Conjugation

Usage notes

This verb is now limited to the subject hugur (“mind”) in the phrase hrjósa hugur við (“shudder at the thought of“; literally, “[one's] mind shudder”), which takes a dative object in front (indicating the person whose mind shudders) in addition to the dative object of the preposition við (indicating what makes it shudder).


Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hreusaną (to shudder, shiver, quiver), from Proto-Indo-European *krewa-, *krū (raw meat, fresh blood). Related to Old Norse hrār (raw, fresh, juicy), Old English hrēaw, hrēow (raw), Avestan [script needed] (xrūra, bloody, gruesome, cruel), Avestan [script needed] (xrvant, ghastly, gruesome). More at raw.

Verb

hrjósa (singular past indicative hraus, plural past indicative hrusu, past participle hrosinn)

  1. to shudder

Usage notes

Attested usage is the same as in modern Icelandic, with hugr and við. (See Icelandic section above.)

Descendants

  • Icelandic: hrjósa
  • Norwegian (nynorsk): rjosa
  • Swedish: rysa