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Definition 2024

馴鹿

馴鹿

See also: 驯鹿

Chinese

attain gradually; tame deer
trad. (馴鹿) 馴 鹿
simp. (驯鹿) 驯 鹿

Noun

馴鹿

  1. reindeer

Japanese

馴鹿 (tonakai, junroku): a reindeer.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
馴 鹿
Jinmeiyō Grade: S
Irregular

Borrowing from Ainu [Term?][1][2][3][4], either トナッカイ ‎(tonakkai, recorded as Sakhalin dialect),[4][5] or トゥナㇵカィ ‎(tunahkay, listed in contemporary Ainu sources).[6] The kanji are an example of jukujikun, from Chinese 馴鹿.

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) トナ​カイ [tònáꜜkàì] (Nakadaka - [2])[2][4]
  • IPA(key): [tõ̞na̠ka̠i]

Noun

馴鹿 ‎(katakana トナカイ, romaji tonakai)

  1. a reindeer
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana in biological contexts, as トナカイ. The kanji spelling is also less common in general use.

Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
馴 鹿
じゅん
Jinmeiyō 		ろく
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 馴鹿 ‎(zwin luwk, literally “docile + deer”). Compare modern Cantonese readings seon4 luk6, seon4 luk6-2, and Mandarin xùnlù, xúnlù.

Pronunciation

Noun

馴鹿 ‎(hiragana じゅんろく, romaji junroku)

  1. (uncommon) a reindeer
Usage notes

Tonakai (above) is the more common reading for this term.

References

  1. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  3. ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, ISBN 4-09-501211-0
  4. 1 2 3 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13143-0
  5. ↑ Batchelor, John (1926) An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Kyobunkan
  6. ↑ 中級アイヌ語―美幌― (Chūkyū Ainu-go - Bihoro, “Intermediate Ainu: Bihoro”), Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan: 財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2011

Pronunciation

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