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Definition 2024
窮
窮
See also: 穷
Translingual
Han character
窮 (radical 116 穴+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹竹弓 (JCHHN), four-corner 30227)
References
- KangXi: page 867, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25593
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2737, character 12
- Unihan data for U+7AAE
Chinese
| trad. | 窮 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 穷 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (躬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 躬 | *kuŋ |
| 匑 | *kuŋ, *kʰuŋ |
| 躳 | *kuŋ |
| 窮 | *ɡuŋ |
| 藭 | *ɡuŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡuŋ) : semantic 身 (“body”) + phonetic 穹 (OC *kʰʷɯŋ).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kung4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiùng
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): jjion (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄥˊ
- Wade-Giles: ch'iung2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyong
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: kung4
- Yale: kùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: kung4
- IPA (key): /kʰʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiùng
- Hakka Romanization System: kiungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiung2
- IPA: /kʰi̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kêng / khêng / khiò
- Tâi-lô: kîng / khîng / khiò
- Phofsit Daibuun: keeng, qeeng, qioix
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²⁴/, /kʰiɪŋ²⁴/, /kʰiɤ²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ²⁴/, /kʰiɪŋ²⁴/, /kʰiɤ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ¹³/, /kʰiɪŋ¹³/, /kʰiɤ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ²⁴/, /kʰiɪŋ²⁴/, /kʰio¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²³/, /kʰiɪŋ²³/, /kʰiɤ²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kiong5 / gêng5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiông / kêng
- IPA (key): /kʰioŋ⁵⁵/, /keŋ⁵⁵/
- Note: kiong5 - literary; gêng5 - vernacular.
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: jjion (T3)
- IPA (key): /d̥͡ʑi̯ʊŋ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 窮 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰyŋ³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕʰyŋ²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰyŋ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕʰyŋ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕʰyuŋ⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰyŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕʰyə̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰyŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰỹn⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰyŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰioŋ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰyoŋ³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰioŋ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕʰioŋ¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰioŋ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰyəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao |
/t͡ɕʰyŋ¹³/ /t͡ɕyŋ¹³/ ～人 |
|
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰỹŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /d͡ʑioŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /d͡ʑioŋ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡ʑioŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /d͡ʑoŋ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰyʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕioŋ¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /d͡ʑin¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiuŋ²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰiuŋ¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /kʰioŋ¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰoŋ²¹/ |
| Nanning | /kʰuŋ²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kʰuŋ²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/kiɔŋ³⁵/ /kiŋ³⁵/ /kʰiŋ³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kyŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) |
/kœyŋ²¹/ 無～ /kœyŋ³³/ ～沒 |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) |
/kʰioŋ⁵⁵/ /keŋ⁵⁵/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/xiɔŋ³¹/ /kiaŋ³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 窮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠弓切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɡɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɡiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɡiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/guwŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɡiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɡĭuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/gi̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
qióng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 窮 | 窮 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
qióng | qióng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ gjuwng › | ‹ gjuwng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɡ](r)uŋ/ | /*m-[ɡ](r)uŋ/ |
| English | poor | exhaust |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 窮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4145 |
| Phonetic component |
躬 |
| Rime group |
終 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
窮 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡuŋ/ |
Definitions
窮
Compounds
Derived terms from 窮
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Japanese
Kanji
窮
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
窮 • (gung) (hangeul 궁, revised gung, McCune-Reischauer kung, Yale kwung)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Character
Readings
Etymology 1
Adjective
窮 (khùng)
Etymology 2
Noun
窮 (càng)
References
- Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)
- Nôm Lookup Tool, Vietnamese Nom Preservation Foundation
- Phạm Đình Hổ (18 c.), Nhật dụng thường đàm