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Definition 2025

磋

磋

Translingual

Han character

磋 (radical 112 石+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口廿手一 (MRTQM), four-corner 18611, composition ⿰石差)

  1. polish, buff
  2. scrutinize

References

  • KangXi: page 834, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24395
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1252, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2445, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+78CB

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 磋

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (左) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
左 *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls
佐 *ʔsaːls
袏 *ʔslaːls
蹉 *sʰlaːl
瑳 *sʰlaːl, *sʰlaːlʔ
搓 *sʰlaːl
磋 *sʰlaːl
溠 *sʰlaːl, *sraːl, *ʔsraːls
傞 *sʰlaːl, *slaːl
醝 *zlaːl
瘥 *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *sʰreːls
鹺 *zlaːl
嵯 *zlaːl, *sʰral
嵳 *zlaːl
蒫 *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *ʔslɯl
艖 *zlaːl, *sʰraːl
齹 *zlaːl, *sʰral, *zral
縒 *slaːlʔ, *sʰral, *sʰlaːɡ
褨 *slaːlʔ
嗟 *ʔsljal
差 *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral
鎈 *sʰraːl
槎 *zraːl, *zraːlʔ
髊 *zlals

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 磋 磋
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 歌 (94) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 七何切 七過切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰa/ /t͡sʰwaH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 cuō cuò
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 磋
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 cuō
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsha ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[tsʰ]ˤaj/
English file, polish (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 磋
Reading # 1/1
No. 18011
Phonetic
component		 左
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 蹉
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰlaːl/

Definitions

磋

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

  • 如切如磋
  • 磋商 (cuōshāng)
  • 磋磨
  • 磋議／磋议

Japanese

Kanji

磋

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

磋 • ‎(cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune-Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

磋 (tha)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Nôm: tha, xây

References

  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm , NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville

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