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Definition 2024


Translingual

Han character

(radical 86 +12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火一田十 (FMWJ), four-corner 91846)

  1. smoke, fumes
  2. tobacco, opium

References

  • KangXi: page 682, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19391
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1094, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2232, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+71C2

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*luː, *lɯm
*l̥ʰɯːm, *l'ɯːms, *lɯm, *ʔl'aːnʔ
*l̥ʰɯːms
*l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ
*l'ɯːm, *l'ɯːmʔ
*l'ɯːm
*l'ɯːm, *ljɯm, *lɯm
*l'ɯːm
*l'ɯːm, *l'ɯːmʔ
*l'ɯːm, *lɯm
*l'ɯːm, *zlom, *ljum
*l'ɯːm, *l'ɯːmʔ, *l'ɯːms
*l'ɯːmʔ
*l'ɯːmʔ
*l'ɯːmʔ, *l'ɯːms
*l'ɯːms, *hljɯmʔ
*zlɯmʔ
*ljɯm, *lɯm
*l'ɯːmʔ
*l'ɯːmʔ
*l'ɯːms

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (7) (15)
Final () (159) (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/dʌm/ /d͡ziᴇm/
Pan
Wuyun
/dəm/ /d͡ziɛm/
Shao
Rongfen
/dɒm/ /d͡zjæm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dəm/ /d͡ziam/
Li
Rong
/dᴀm/ /d͡ziɛm/
Wang
Li
/dɒm/ /d͡zĭɛm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱăm/ /d͡zʱi̯ɛm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tán qián
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qián xún
Middle
Chinese
‹ zjem › ‹ dom ›
Old
Chinese
/*sə-lom/ /*[l]ˤom/
English heat; roast; boil (meat) to heat

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 12325 12335 12339
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 3 3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l'ɯːm/ /*zlom/ /*ljum/

Definitions

  1. (Shanghai) to simmer with low heat
  2. (Shanghai) to simmer slowly

Derived terms
  • 燂爍燂烁

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of – see .
(This character, , is a variant form of .)