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Definition 2024

木乃伊

木乃伊

Chinese

tree; wood
 
to be; thus; so; therefore; then; only; thereupon
 
he; she; (surname); Iraq (abbrev.); Iran (abbrev.)
simp. and trad.
(木乃伊) 		木 乃 伊

Noun

木乃伊

  1. a mummy (embalmed corpse)

Japanese

木乃伊 (mīra): a mummy on display at the Louvre.
Kanji in this term
木 乃 伊
Grade: 1 Jinmeiyō Jinmeiyō
Irregular

Etymology

From Portuguese mirra ‎(“myrrh, skeleton, mummy”)[1][2][3][4] or Dutch mirre ‎(“myrrh”).[1]

The kanji spelling 木乃伊 is an example of jukujikun. This spelling was borrowed from Chinese 木乃伊 ‎(mùnǎiyī, “mummy”)[1][4][2][5]. Some Japanese sources[1][4][2][5] suggest that the Chinese term was a transliteration of Dutch mummie (with some stated concern that this derivation is doubtful[5]), but it appears that the Dutch and Chinese terms are unrelated. See the Chinese entry for more.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

木乃伊 ‎(hiragana みいら, katakana ミイラ, romaji mīra)

  1. a mummy, deliberately preserved, such as those found in the ancient tombs of Egypt or China
  2. a human or animal corpse mummified naturally, such as in a peat bog or desert

Derived terms

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 3 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, ISBN 4-09-501211-0
  3. ↑ 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4000801112
  4. 1 2 3 4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  5. 1 2 3 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13143-0
  6. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  7. ↑ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13143-0

Etymology

From an unidentified western language, presumably from some language in the Islamosphere. Compare Persian مومیایی ‎(mōmiyāyī, mūmiyāyī, “mummy; shilajit”). Earliest attestation was in Ming Dynasty, see the following quote:

  • 明‧陶宗儀《輟耕錄‧木乃伊》：“回回田地有年七八十歲老人，自願捨身濟眾者，絕不飲食，惟澡身啖蜜，經月，便溺皆蜜。既死，國人殮以石棺，仍滿用蜜浸，鐫志歲月於棺蓋，瘞之。俟百年啟封，則蜜劑也……俗曰蜜人，番言木乃伊。”
    Tao Zongyi (Ming Dynasty), "Chuogenglu - Record after retiring from plowing", Chapter "Mummies": "There were men 70 to 80 years of age in Arabia (?) willing to give their bodies to save others. They never ate or drink, only bathed and partook of honey. After a month, their excrement (urine and faeces) consisted of honey only. After they died, their fellow men would place them in stone coffins full of honey in which they macerated. The year and month of deaths were engraved on the coffins and the coffins were buried. After a hundred years the coffins were reopened - a confection of honey had formed. Colloquially people called these 'mellified men', in their native tongue 'mu-nai-yi'."

See also "Mellified men" on Wikipedia. Other transliterations include:

  • 木蜜納亦 ‎(mùmìnàyì, “mummy”), attested in Huihui Yaofang (Islamic Formularies, ca. 14th century);
  • 木蜜亞依 ‎(mùmìyàyī), attested in Mingjing Cidian (明淨詞典);
  • 木蜜亞 ‎(mùmìyà) (from Uyghur),

all of which might have referred to Shilajit (地蠟／地蜡) originally.

Pronunciation

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