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Definition 2024


Translingual

Han character

(radical 61 +11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心廿中一 (PTLM), four-corner 94014, composition)

  1. brave
  2. cautious
  3. sad

References

  • KangXi: page 399, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11129
  • Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2344, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+616C

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*krɯːn
*kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
*ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
*ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊 *ɡrɯn
*ɡrɯns
*ɡrɯns
*ɡrɯns
*ɡrɯns
*ɡrɯns
*ɡrɯns
*ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
*ɡrɯns
*ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
*kɯnʔ
槿 *kɯnʔ
*kɯnʔ
*kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
*ɡɯn
*ɡɯn
*ɡɯn

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (30) (28)
Final () (57) (57)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨn/ /kɨnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡɨn/ /kɨnX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiən/ /kiənX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gɨn/ /kɨnX/
Li
Rong
/ɡiən/ /kiənX/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭən/ /kĭənX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯ən/ /ki̯ənX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qín jǐn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jìn
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjɨn ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ər/
English courageous

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6748 6750
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kɯnʔ/ /*ɡɯn/

Definitions

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References


Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings


Vietnamese

Han character

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