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Definition 2025

復

復

See also: 复 and 覆

Translingual

Han character

復 (radical 60 彳+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人日水 (HOOAE), four-corner 28247, composition ⿰彳复)

  1. return
  2. repeat, repeatedly

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 369, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10183
  • Dae Jaweon: page 695, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 834, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5FA9

Chinese

trad. 復
simp. 复

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 復
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愎 *brɯɡ
鍑 *puɡs, *puɡ
覆 *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復 *buɡs, *buɡ
椱 *buɡs, *buɡ
複 *buɡs, *puɡ
馥 *brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹 *puɡ
輹 *puɡ, *buɡ
蝮 *pʰuɡ
蕧 *pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复 *buɡ
鰒 *buɡ
澓 *buɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *buɡs, *buɡ) : semantic 彳 ‎(“walk”) + phonetic 复 ‎(OC *buɡ, “repeat”).

Walk back and forth.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 復 復
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 扶富切 房六切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bɨuH/ /bɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /biuH/ /biuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /biəuH/ /biuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /buwH/ /buwk̚/
Li
Rong		 /biuH/ /biuk̚/
Wang
Li		 /bĭəuH/ /bĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱi̯ə̯uH/ /bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fòu fú
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 復 復
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fù fù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bjuwH › ‹ bjuwk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[N]-pruk-s/ /*m-p(r)uk/
English again return

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 復 復
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3537 3550
Phonetic
component		 复 复
Rime
group		 奧 覺
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 復 伏
Old
Chinese		 /*buɡs/ /*buɡ/

Definitions

復

  1. to return
  2. to repeat
  3. repeatedly
  4. 24th hexagram of the I Ching

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

復

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. restore
  2. return to
  3. revert
  4. resume

Readings

Korean

Hanja

復 • ‎(bok, bu) (hangeul 복, 부, revised bok, bu, McCune-Reischauer pok, pu, Yale pok, pu)

  1. return
  2. repeat
  3. repeatedly

Vietnamese

Han character

復 (phục, phức)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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