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Definition 2024

弘

弘

Translingual

Han character

弘 (radical 57 弓+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈 (NI) or X弓戈 (XNI), four-corner 12230, composition ⿰弓厶)

  1. to spread, enlarge, expand
  2. liberal, great
  3. A surname​.

References

  • KangXi: page 356, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9709
  • Dae Jaweon: page 673, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 990, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+5F18

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 弘

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (弘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
弘 *ɡʷɯːŋ
鞃 *ɡʷɯːŋ
苰 *ɡʷɯːŋ
泓 *qʷrɯːŋ
宖 *qʷrɯːŋ, *ɡʷrɯːŋ
紭 *ɡʷrɯːŋ

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 弘
Mandarin Beijing /xuŋ³⁵/
Harbin /xuŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /xuŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /xuŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /xəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xuŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /xuŋ²⁴/
Xining /xuə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /xuŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /xũn⁵³/
Ürümqi /xuŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /xoŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /xoŋ³¹/
Guiyang /xoŋ²¹/
Kunming /xoŋ¹/
Nanjing /xoŋ²⁴/
Hefei /xəŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /xũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦoŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦoŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦoŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦoŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /xuʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /xan⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xoŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦən¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /fen¹¹/
Taoyuan /fen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐŋ²¹/
Nanning /huŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /wɐŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hɔŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hoŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hɔŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 弘
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 登 (130)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡肱切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦwəŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦʷəŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣuəŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦwəŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣuəŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣuəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣwəŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hóng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 弘
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hóng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hwong ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ]ʷˤəŋ/
English vast

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 弘
Reading # 1/1
No. 5130
Phonetic
component		 弘
Rime
group		 蒸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 弘
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡʷɯːŋ/

Definitions

弘

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Japanese

Kanji

弘

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

Compounds

  • 弘誓 (ぐぜい) ‎(guzei)
  • 弘法 (ぐほう) ‎(guhō, “mission”)
  • 弘遠 (こうえん) ‎(kōen)
  • 弘済会 (こうさいかい) ‎(kōsaikai, “an association of wide relief”)
  • 弘大 (こうだい) ‎(kōdai, “wide”)
  • 弘道 (こうどう) ‎(kōdō, “mission”)
  • 弘布 (こうふ) ‎(kōfu, “ぐぶ”), 弘布 (ぐぶ) ‎(gubu, “spread”)
  • 弘報 (こうほう) ‎(kōhō, “publicity”)

Proper noun

弘 ‎(hiragana ひろし, romaji Hiroshi)

  1. A male given name

弘 ‎(hiragana ひろむ, romaji Hiromu)

  1. A male given name

Korean

Hanja

弘 • ‎(hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune-Reischauer hong, Yale hong)

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Vietnamese

Han character

弘 (hoằng, ngoằng)

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