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Definition 2025

孝

孝

Translingual

Han character

孝 (radical 39 子+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十大弓木 (JKND), four-corner 44407, composition ⿱耂子)

Derived characters

Related characters

References

  • KangXi: page 278, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6952
  • Dae Jaweon: page 546, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1011, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5B5D

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 孝

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (孝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
酵 *kruːs
窙 *qʰruː
哮 *qʰruː, *qʰruːs
庨 *qʰruː
涍 *qʰruː, *qʰruːs
孝 *qʰruːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʰruːs) : phonetic 耂 + semantic 子.

Alternative explanation: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 耂 ‎(“an old man with long hair, bent over”) + 子 ‎(“a child”) – an old man and a child, filial piety between generations. Compare top component to 老 (OC *ruːʔ, “old”).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 孝
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑu⁵¹/
Harbin /ɕiau⁵³/
Tianjin /ɕiɑu⁵³/
Jinan /ɕiɔ²¹/
Qingdao /ɕiɔ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕiau³¹²/
Xi'an /ɕiau⁴⁴/
Xining /ɕiɔ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ɕiɔ¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɔ¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕiɔ²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕiau³⁵/
Chengdu /ɕiau¹³/
Guiyang /ɕiao²¹³/
Kunming /ɕiɔ²¹²/
Nanjing /ɕiɔo⁴⁴/
Hefei /ɕiɔ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiau⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ɕiɔ³⁵/
/xɔ³⁵/ ～帽子
Hohhot /ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /hɔ³⁵/
/ɕiɔ³⁵/
Suzhou /ɕiæ⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /ɕiɔ⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /huɔ⁴²/
Hui Shexian /ɕiɔ³²⁴/
/xɔ³²⁴/
Tunxi /xo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕiau⁵⁵/
/xau⁵⁵/ ～帽子
Xiangtan /ɕiaɯ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /hɑu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hau⁵³/
Taoyuan /hɑu⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hau³³/
Nanning /hau³³/
Hong Kong /hau³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hau²¹/
/ha²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hɑu²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xau³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hau²¹³/
/ha²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hiau³⁵/
/ha³⁵/
Rime
Character 孝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 肴 (90)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 呼敎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hˠauH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hᵚauH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xauH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /haɨwH/
Li
Rong		 /xauH/
Wang
Li		 /xauH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xauH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiào
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 孝
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xiào
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xæwH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰˤ<r>uʔ-s/
English filial

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 孝
Reading # 1/1
No. 13771
Phonetic
component		 孝
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 孝
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰruːs/

Definitions

孝

  1. to do one's filial duty; to show filial piety
  2. filial piety
  3. mourning
  4. mourning dress
  5. A surname​.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

孝

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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Readings

Source : mahou kanji dictionary - 孝 (Takashi)

Compounds

Proper noun

孝 ‎(hiragana たかし, romaji Takashi)

  1. A male given name

Korean

Hanja

孝 • ‎(hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune-Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)

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Vietnamese

Han character

孝 (hiếu, hếu)

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