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Definition 2024


Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 38 +5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女戈口 (VIR), four-corner 43460, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 258, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6166
  • Dae Jaweon: page 523, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1041, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+59CB

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*l̥ʰɯː
*l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ
*l̥ʰɯː
*l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ
*l̥ʰɯː
*l'ɯː
*l'ɯː
*l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ
*l'ɯː
*l'ɯː, *l'i
*l'ɯː
*l'ɯːʔ
*l'ɯːʔ
*l'ɯːʔ
紿 *l'ɯːʔ
*l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ
*l'ɯːʔ
*hlɯː
*lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ
*slɯʔ
*ljɯ
*ljɯʔ
*l̥ʰɯ
*l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ
*l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ
*l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is
*hljɯʔ
*lɯ
*lɯ
*lɯ
*lɯ
*li

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljɯʔ) : semantic  + phonetic  (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Tianjin /sz̩¹³/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Xi'an /sz̩⁵³/
Xining /sz̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /sz̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩⁴²/
Chengdu /sz̩⁵³/
Guiyang /sz̩⁴²/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩²¹²/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /sz̩⁵³/
Pingyao /sz̩⁵³/
Hohhot /sz̩⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /sz̩³⁵/
Suzhou /sz̩ʷ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /sz̩⁵³/
Wenzhou /sz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /sz̩³⁵/
Tunxi /ɕi³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /sz̩²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /sz̩³¹/
Taoyuan /ʃï³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰi³⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰi³⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰi³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /si⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sy³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /si²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /si⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ti³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (26)
Final () (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕɨX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕɨX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕɨX/
Li
Rong
/ɕiəX/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shǐ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shǐ
Middle
Chinese
‹ syiX ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥əʔ/
English begin

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 12291
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hljɯʔ/

Definitions

  1. to begin, to start
  2. beginning, start
  3. initial, first
  4. then, only then

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Derived terms

See also


Korean

Hanja

(si) (hangeul , revised si, McCune-Reischauer si)

  1. begin, start

Vietnamese

Han character

(thủy, thuỷ, thỉ, tân)

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