Thai

Alternative forms

• กรรุณา ‎(grà-rú-naa; gan-rú-naa)

Adverb

กรุณา • ‎(gà-rú-naa) ‎(abstract noun ความกรุณา)

1. (used as a polite addition to requests, commands, etc.) kindly; please.

Noun

กรุณา • ‎(gà-rú-naa)

1. a feeling of deep sympathy and sorrow for another who is stricken by misfortune, accompanied by a strong desire to alleviate the suffering.
2. sympathetic or helpful kindness.
3. (Buddhism) one of the four virtues, collectively known as พรหมวิหาร ‎(prom-wí-hǎan, literally “Brahma's abodes”), that is,
   1. เมตตา ‎(mêet-dtaa, “benevolence”);
   2. กรุณา ‎(gà-rú-naa, “compassion”);
   3. มุทิตา ‎(mú-tí-dtaa, “empathetic joy”); and
   4. อุเบกขา ‎(ù-bèek-kǎa, “equanimity”).

Derived terms

• กรุณาธิคุณ ‎(gà-rú-naa-tí-kun)

Pronoun

กรุณา • ‎(gà-rú-naa)

1. (archaic) a second or third person pronoun, used to address a person in authority.

Derived terms

• ใต้เท้ากรุณา ‎(dtâi-táao-gà-rú-naa)
• ใต้เท้ากรุณาเจ้า ‎(dtâi-táao-gà-rú-naa-jâao)
• พระกรุณา ‎(prá-gà-rú-naa)

Verb

กรุณา • ‎(gà-rú-naa)

1. to feel deep sympathy and sorrow for another who is stricken by misfortune, accompanied by a strong desire to alleviate the suffering.
2. to have sympathetic or helpful kindness.