Ottoman Turkish

Noun

گناه • ‎(günâh)

1. sin

Derived terms

• گناه ایشلمک ‎(günah işlemek)

Persian

Alternative forms

• گنه ‎(gonah) (archaic)

Etymology

From Middle Persian wnʾs ‎(wināh, “sin, crime”), ultimately from the Proto-Iranian preverb *vi- and the root *nas- ‎(“to disappear; to perish”), from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- ‎(“to perish, to disappear”). Akin to Manichaean Middle Persian wynʾh, the Old Armenian loanword վնաս ‎(vnas), Baluchi [script needed] ‎(gunās), Kurdish [script needed] ‎(benāse) and Sanskrit विनाश ‎(vināśa),

Pronunciation

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡoˈnɒːh/

Noun

گناه • ‎(gonâh) ‎(plural گناهان ‎(gonâhân) or گناه‌ها ‎(gonâh-hâ))

1. sin

Derived terms

• بی‌گناه ‎(bi-gonâh)
• گناه‌کار ‎(gonâh-kâr)
• گناه کبیره ‎(gonâh-e kabire)

Descendants

• Tajik: гуноҳ ‎(gunoh)
  • → Uzbek: gunoh
• → Arabic: جُنَاح ‎(junāḥ)
  • → Persian: جناح ‎(jonâh) (rare)
• → Azeri: günəh, günah
  • → Armenian (dialectal):
    • Karabakh: գո̈ւնա̈հ ‎(günäh)
• → Bashkir: гонаһ ‎(gonah)
• → Kazakh: күнә ‎(künä)
• → Kurdish:
  • Central Kurdish: گونا ‎(guna)
  • Northern Kurdish: guneh, gune, gunah, guna
• → Kyrgyz: күнөө ‎(künöö)
• → Ottoman Turkish: گناه ‎(günâh), جناه ‎(cünâh)
  • Turkish: günah
  • → Armenian (dialectal):
    • Istanbul: գո̈ւնահ ‎(günah)
    • Van: գո̈ւնախ ‎(günax)
  • → Hungarian: bűn (possibly)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: đùnāh/ђу̀на̄х, gùnāh/гу̀на̄х
• → Tatar: гөнаһ ‎(gönah)
• → Turkmen: günä / гүнә

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “wināh”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 91
• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “վնաս”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, published 1926–1935, page 347
• Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*nas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-15496-4, pages 282ff
• Nyberg, H. S. (1974), “vinās”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 213a