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Definition 2024
խաչ
խաչ
Armenian
Noun
խաչ • (xačʿ)
- cross
- սուրբ խաչ ― surb xačʿ ― holy cross
Declension
i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | խաչ (xačʿ) | խաչեր (xačʿer) | ||
| dative | խաչի (xačʿi) | խաչերի (xačʿeri) | ||
| ablative | խաչից (xačʿicʿ) | խաչերից (xačʿericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | խաչով (xačʿov) | խաչերով (xačʿerov) | ||
| locative | խաչում (xačʿum) | խաչերում (xačʿerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | խաչը/խաչն (xačʿə/xačʿn) | խաչերը/խաչերն (xačʿerə/xačʿern) | ||
| dative | խաչին (xačʿin) | խաչերին (xačʿerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | խաչս (xačʿs) | խաչերս (xačʿers) | ||
| dative | խաչիս (xačʿis) | խաչերիս (xačʿeris) | ||
| ablative | խաչիցս (xačʿicʿs) | խաչերիցս (xačʿericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | խաչովս (xačʿovs) | խաչերովս (xačʿerovs) | ||
| locative | խաչումս (xačʿums) | խաչերումս (xačʿerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | խաչդ (xačʿd) | խաչերդ (xačʿerd) | ||
| dative | խաչիդ (xačʿid) | խաչերիդ (xačʿerid) | ||
| ablative | խաչիցդ (xačʿicʿd) | խաչերիցդ (xačʿericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | խաչովդ (xačʿovd) | խաչերովդ (xačʿerovd) | ||
| locative | խաչումդ (xačʿumd) | խաչերումդ (xačʿerumd) | ||
Related terms
Old Armenian
Alternative forms
- խէչ (xēčʿ)
- խայչ (xayčʿ)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kʰaty-, from *kʰet- (“stake, picket”). An ablaut grade of խոչ (xočʿ, “a piece of wood, stone protruding from ground upon which one may stumble, an obstacle”) and խէչ (xēčʿ, “prop, stay, on which plants are supported”). Thus, the initial meaning of the word was "stake, stick"; for the semantic shift compare Georgian ჯვარი (ǯvari). The only surviving cognate is Persian خاده (xāda, “a straight branch; a broom-stick; an oar; a coal-rake; a gibbet”).
Noun
խաչ • (xačʿ)
- crucifix
- ի խաչ հանել ― i xačʿ hanel ― to crucify
- կախել զխաչէ ― kaxel zxačʿē ― to crucify
- ի խաչ ելանել ― i xačʿ elanel ― to be crucified
- սուրբ խաչ ― surb xačʿ ― the Cross, the Holy Rood
- (figuratively) cross, sorrows, tribulation
- cross
- խաչ առնել, հանել ― xačʿ aṙnel, hanel ― to make the sign of the cross, to cross oneself
- (in the plural) crossroads
Declension
i-type
Derived terms
Terms derived from խաչ (xačʿ)
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Descendants
- Armenian: խաչ (xačʿ)
- Avar: хъанч (q̄anč)
- Azeri: xaç
- Crimean Tatar: haç
- Karachay-Balkar: къач
- Kurdish: xaç
- Middle Persian: hʾ
- Ottoman Turkish: خاچ (xač), حاچ (hač)
- Turkish: haç
- Persian: خاج (xāǰ), خاچ (xāč)
- Tatar: хач (xaç)
- Udi: хач (χač)
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “խաչ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, published 1926–1935
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “խաչ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “խաչ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy