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Definition 2025
慘
慘
See also: 惨
Translingual
Han character
慘 (radical 61 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心戈戈竹 (PIIH), four-corner 93022, composition ⿰忄參)
References
- KangXi: page 398, character 38
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11094
- Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2348, character 11
- Unihan data for U+6158
Chinese
| trad. | 慘 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 惨 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (參) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 篸 | *ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːms |
| 參 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum |
| 驂 | *sʰluːm |
| 傪 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːmʔ |
| 慘 | *sʰluːmʔ |
| 黲 | *sʰluːmʔ, *sʰloːmʔ |
| 謲 | *sʰluːms |
| 毿 | *sluːm |
| 蔘 | *sluːm, *srum |
| 犙 | *sluːm, *sru, *srɯu |
| 糝 | *sluːmʔ |
| 槮 | *sluːmʔ, *sʰrum, *srum, *srumʔ |
| 鬖 | *sloːm |
| 摻 | *sruːm, *sruːmʔ |
| 醦 | *sruːmʔ, *sʰrumʔ |
| 縿 | *sroːm |
| 穇 | *sroːm |
| 嵾 | *sʰrum |
| 磣 | *sʰrumʔ |
| 墋 | *sʰrumʔ |
| 曑 | *srum |
| 瘮 | *srumʔ |
| 滲 | *srums |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˇ
- Wade-Giles: ts'an3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaan
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰa̠n²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: caam2
- Yale: cháam
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam2
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰɑːm³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhám
- Hakka Romanization System: cam`
- Hagfa Pinyim: cam3
- IPA: /t͡sʰam³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhám
- Tâi-lô: tshám
- Phofsit Daibuun: zharm
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam⁴¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 慘 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡sʰan²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /t͡sʰan⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡sʰan¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡sʰã⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡sʰã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡sʰan²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡sʰã⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /t͡sʰã⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡sʰan⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡sʰɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡sʰan⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sʰan⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡sʰan⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡sʰan⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡sʰã̠⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡sʰaŋ²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡sʰæ̃²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰø³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡sʰø⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡sʰẽ̞⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡sʰø³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰɛ³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sʰɔ³¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰan⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡sʰan⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰan²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰam³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /t͡sʰɑm³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰam³⁵/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sʰam³⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sʰam³⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰam⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /t͡sʰaŋ³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰam⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /sam²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 慘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 七感切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡sʰʌmX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/t͡sʰəmX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡sʰɒmX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/t͡sʰəmX/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡sʰᴀmX/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡sʰɒmX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡sʰămX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
cǎn |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 慘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1084 |
| Phonetic component |
參 |
| Rime group |
侵 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
慘 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sʰluːmʔ/ |
Definitions
慘
Japanese
Kanji
慘
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
慘 • (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune-Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
慘 (thảm, thom, thỏm)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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