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Definition 2025
哀
哀
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Translingual
Han character
哀 (radical 30 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜口竹女 (YRHV), four-corner 00732, composition ⿳亠口𧘇)
References
- KangXi: page 188, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3580
- Dae Jaweon: page 407, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 620, character 10
- Unihan data for U+54C0
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
哀 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (衣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 哀 | *qɯːl |
| 依 | *qɯl |
| 衣 | *qɯl, *qɯls |
| 扆 | *qɯlʔ |
| 庡 | *qɯlʔ |
| 偯 | *qɯlʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯːl) : phonetic 衣 (OC *qɯl, *qɯls) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): oi1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ôi
- Min Nan (POJ): ai
- Wu (Wiktionary): e (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄞ
- Wade-Giles: ai1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ai
- IPA (key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: oi1
- Yale: ōi
- Cantonese Pinyin: oi1
- IPA (key): /ɔːi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ôi
- Hakka Romanization System: oi´
- Hagfa Pinyim: oi1
- IPA: /o̯i²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ai
- Tâi-lô: ai
- Phofsit Daibuun: ay
- IPA (Xiamen): /aɪ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /aɪ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /aɪ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /aɪ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /aɪ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: e (T2)
- IPA (key): /ᴇ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 哀 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ai⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ai⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /nai²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /ŋɛ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɣɛ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ai²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /ŋai²¹/ | |
| Xining | /nɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɛ³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ai⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /ŋai⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /ŋai⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang |
/ŋai⁵⁵/ /ai⁵⁵/ 新 |
|
| Kunming | /æ⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /ae³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /ʐe̞²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɣai¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ŋæ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ŋɛ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /e⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /e̞⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ʔe̞³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /e³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ŋɛ³¹/ |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | /ŋai³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ŋai³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ŋai⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /oi⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /oi²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ɔi⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /ɔi⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /ɔi⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /ai⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ai⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /uɛ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ai³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ai²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 哀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 烏開切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʔəi/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʔɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔəj/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʔᴀi/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɒi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
āi |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 哀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
āi |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ʔoj › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ʔˤəj/ |
| English | to pity; sad |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 哀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14835 |
| Phonetic component |
衣 |
| Rime group |
微 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
哀 |
| Old Chinese |
/*qɯːl/ |
Definitions
哀
Compounds
Derived terms from 哀
Japanese
Kanji
哀
Readings
- Goon: あい (ai), お (o)
- Kan’on: あい (ai)
- Kun: あわれ (哀, 哀れ, aware), あわれむ (哀れむ, awaremu), かなしい (哀しい, kanashii)
Korean
Hanja
哀 • (ae) (hangeul 애, McCune-Reischauer ae)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
哀 (ai)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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