Sanskrit

Numeral

शत • ‎(śatá) n, rarely m, at the end of a compound f(ī)

1. hundred, used with numerals thus:

   एकाधिकं शतम् ‎(ekā*dhikaṃ śatam) or एकशतम् ‎(eka-śatam) — a hundred one, 101

   विंशत्यधिकं शतम् ‎(viṃśaty-adhikaṃ śatam) or विंशं शतम् ‎(viṃśaṃ śatam) — a hundred twenty, 120

   शते ‎(śate) or द्वे शते ‎(dve śate) or द्विशतम् ‎(dvi-śatam) or शतद्वयम् ‎(śata-dvayam) — 200

   त्रीणि शतानि ‎(trīṇi śatāni) or त्रिशतानि ‎(tri-śatāni) or शतत्रयम् ‎(śata-trayam) — 300

   षट्शतम् ‎(ṣaṭ-śatam) — 600

   1. or the compound becomes an ordinal

      द्विशत ‎(dvi-śata) — the 200th

      द्विकं शतम् ‎(dvikaṃ śatam), त्रिकं शतम् ‎(trikaṃ śatam) — 2, 3 per cent

      शतात्पर ‎(śatātpara) — beyond a hundred, exceeding 100

   2. the counted object is added either in the genitive, or in the same case as śata, or at the beginning of a compound

      शतम् पितरः ‎(śatam pitaraḥ) or शतम् पितॄणाम् ‎(śatam pitṝṇām) or पितृशतम् ‎(pitṛ-śatam) — a hundred ancestors

   3. rarely śatam is used as an indeclinable with an instrumental

      • RV 1.48.7c

      एषायुक्त परावतः सूर्यस्योदयनादधि |

      शतं रथेभिः सुभगोषा इयं वि यात्यभि मानुषान ||

      eṣāyukta parāvataḥ sūryasyodayanādadhi |

      śataṃ rathebhiḥ subhaghoṣā iyaṃ vi yātyabhi mānuṣān ||

      This Dawn hath yoked her steeds afar, beyond the rising of the Sun:

      Borne on a hundred chariots she, auspicious Dawn, advances on her way to Men.

   4. rarely occurs a masculine form in plural e.g. पञ्चशता रथान् ‎(pañca-śatā rathān)
   5. and śata n rarely in compounds of the following kind:

      चतुर्वर्षशतम् ‎(catur-varṣa-śatam) or चतुर्वर्षशतानि ‎(catur-varṣa-śatamtāni) — 400 years

2. any very large number

   शतपत्त्र ‎(śata-pattra) — a hundred leaves etc.

Declension

Descendants

• Marathi: शंभर
• Hindi: सौ
• Urdu: سو

References

• Sir Monier Monier-Williams (1898) A Sanskrit-English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 1048