Persian

Alternative forms

• سپاناج ‎(sepânâj)
• اسپاناج ‎(espânâj)
• سپناج ‎(sepanâj)
• اسپناج ‎(espanâj)
• اسپانج ‎(espânaj)
• اسپنانج ‎(espanânaj)

• سفاناج ‎(sefânâj)
• اسفاناج ‎(esfânâj)

• سپاناخ ‎(sepânâx)
• اسپاناخ ‎(espânâx)
• اسپناخ ‎(espanâx)
• سپناخ ‎(sepanâx)
• اسپناخ ‎(espanâx)
• اسپانخ ‎(espânax)

• سفاناخ ‎(sefânâx)
• اسفاناخ ‎(esfânâx)
• اسفناخ ‎(esfanâx)

• اسباناخ ‎(esbânâx)
• اسبناخ ‎(esbenâx)
• سبانخ ‎(sabânax)

• سبانج ‎(sebânaj)
• اسبانج ‎(esbânaj)
• اسبناج ‎(esbanâj)

• اسپاناغ ‎(espânâğ)
• اسپناغ ‎(espanâğ)

Noun

اسفناج • ‎(esfanâj, esfenâj) ‎(plural اسفناج‌ها ‎(esfanâj, esfenâj-hâ))

1. spinach

Descendants

Most are directly from Middle Iranian

• → Arabic: إِسْفَنَاخ / إِسْفِنَاخ ‎(ʾisfanāḵ / ʾisfināḵ), إِسْفَانَاخ ‎(ʾisfānāḵ), إِسْفَنَاج / إِسْفِنَاج ‎(ʾisfanāj / ʾisfināj), سَبَانَخ / سَبَانِخ ‎(sabānaḵ / sabāniḵ)
  • Andalusian Arabic: [script needed] ‎(isfināj), [script needed] ‎(ispināj), [script needed] ‎(isbināḵ)
    • → Spanish: espinaca
      • → Medieval Latin: spinacium, spinachium, spinarchia (influenced by spina ‎(“thorn”))
        • → Byzantine Greek: σπινάκιον ‎(spinákion), σπανάκιν ‎(spanákin), σπινάκι ‎(spináki)
          • Greek: σπανάκι ‎(spanáki), σπανάκιον ‎(spanákion)
            • → Bulgarian: спанак ‎(spanak)
            • → Romanian: spanac
            • → Serbo-Croatian: спанаћ / spanać
        • → Italian: spinacio, spinace
          • → Middle High German: spināt (final -t perhaps influenced by Salat)
            • German: Spinat
              • → Russian: шпинат ‎(špinat)
                • → Bashkir: шпинат ‎(špinat)
                • → Kazakh: шпинат ‎(şpïnat)
                • → Tatar: шпинат ‎(špinat)
              • → Serbo-Croatian: шпинат / špìnāt
        • → Old French: espinoche, espinache, espinarde, espinaces
          • French: épinard, (obsolete) epinart
          • → English: spinach, spinage (obsolete)
          • → Irish: spionáiste
• → Georgian: ისპანახი ‎(isṗanaxi)
• → Middle Armenian: սպանախ ‎(spanax)
  • Armenian: սպանախ ‎(spanax)
• → Ottoman Turkish: اسفناح ‎(isfinâj), اسپناخ ‎(ispenâh), اسفاناخ ‎(isfânâh)
• → Turkic:
  • Azeri: ispanaq
  • Kipchak:
    • Cuman: yspanac
  • Ottoman Turkish: اسپاناك, اسپناك ‎(ispanâk)
    • Turkish: ıspanak
  • Turkmen: ysmanak

References

• Dehkhoda Dictionary
• Asatrian, Garnik S. (2011) A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects (in Persian and English), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, pages 43–45
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “اسپناج”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
• Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 126, page 11
• Cabolov, R. L. (2010), “siping”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 263
• Redhouse, J. W. (1884), “spinach”, in A Lexicon, English and Turkish, 3rd edition, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 703
• Redhouse, J. W.; Wells, Charles (1880), “spinach”, in Redhouse's Turkish Dictionary, in Two Parts, English and Turkish, and Turkish and English, 2nd edition, London: Bernard Quartch, 15 Piccadilly, page 306
• Abajev, V. I. (1979) Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ osetinskovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow, Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, pages 201–202