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Definition 2024
宮
宮
Translingual
Han character
宮 (radical 40 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十口竹口 (JRHR), four-corner 30606, composition ⿱宀呂)
Related characters
References
- KangXi: page 285, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7156
- Dae Jaweon: page 564, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian: not present, would follow volume 2, page 936, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5BAE
Chinese
| trad. | 宮 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 宫 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 宮
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 宀 + 呂: many rooms under a roof (a palace).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
- Wade-Giles: kung1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
- IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gung1
- Yale: gūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung1
- IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng / kiong
- Tâi-lô: king / kiong
- Phofsit Daibuun: kefng, kiofng
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³/, /kiɔŋ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- Note: keng - vernacular, kiong - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 宮 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /kuŋ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /kuŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /kəŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /kuŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /kuŋ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /kuə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /kũn³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /koŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /koŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /koŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /koŋ/ | |
| Nanjing | /koŋ³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /kəŋ²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kuəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /kuŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /kũŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /koŋ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /koŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /koŋ³³/ | |
| Wenzhou |
/koŋ³³/ 新 /t͡ɕoŋ³³/ |
|
| Hui | Shexian | /kuʌ̃³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /kan¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /koŋ³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /kən³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kuŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kiuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /kioŋ²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /koŋ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/kiɔŋ⁵⁵/ /kiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kyŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /kœyŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /keŋ³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /koŋ²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 宮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居戎切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/kiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/kĭuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ki̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jiōng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 宮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
gōng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kjuwng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*k(r)uŋ/ |
| English | dwelling; palace; note of scale |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 宮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4147 |
| Phonetic component |
宮 |
| Rime group |
終 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
弓 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kuŋ/ |
Definitions
宮
- palace
- temple
- womb; uterus
- (music) First note in the Chinese pentatonic scale.
- castration (one of the imperial five punishments (五刑) of feudal China)
- A surname.
Compounds
Derived terms from 宮
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Japanese
Kanji
宮
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 宮 |
|
みや Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
/mi1ya/ → /miya/
From Old Japanese. A compound of 神 or 御 (mi, “spiritual honorific”) + 屋 (ya, “house”).[1][2][3][4]
Pronunciation
Noun
- (Shintō) the place where a god resides: a shrine
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 413)[6]
- Miya. ミヤ (宮) 神 (Camis)の社.
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 413)[6]
- (Buddhism) a temple holding a Buddhist statue
- the place where a ruler resides: a palace
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 413)[6]
- Miya. ミヤ (宮) 国王の子. また, 国王の宮殿
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 413)[6]
- a member of the imperial family
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 413)[6]
- Miya. ミヤ (宮) 国王の子. また, 国王の宮殿
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 413)[6]
Proper noun
- A surname.
- an old name for a region in the Atsuta area of Nagoya, Aichi prefecture, where the Atsuta Shrine is located
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 宮 |
|
きゅう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 宮 (kjuwng, “dwelling; palace; note on a scale”). Compare modern Min Nan reading kiong.
Pronunciation
Noun
- a palace
- (traditional music of China and Japan) the keynote or tonic of a musical scale, such as do in the do re mi scale notation of solfège
- Contraction of 宮刑: literally “palace punishment”, this consisted of castration for men and sequestration in the palace for women
- (astronomy, astrology) a zodiac sign or house, defined as one-twelfth of the circle of the ecliptic
- 黄道十二宮、宝瓶宮
- ōdō jūni kyū, hōhei kyū
- the twelve signs of the zodiac, the house of Aquarius
- 黄道十二宮、宝瓶宮
References
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, ISBN 4-09-501211-0
- ↑ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13143-0
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- 1 2 3 Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 978-4-00-080021-1, published 1980.
Vietnamese
Han character
宮 (cung)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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