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Definition 2024
kaout
kaout
Breton
Verb
kaout
Conjugation
| Personal forms | |||||||||
| Indicative | Conditional | Imperative | |||||||
| Present | Imperfect | Preterite | Future | Present (habitual) | Imperfect (habitual) | Present | Imperfect | ||
| 1s | am eus* | am boa* | am boe* | am bo* | am bez* | am beze* | am befe* | am bije* | am bezet* |
| 2s | ac'h eus, az peus* | az poa* | az poe* | az po* | az pez* | az peze* | az pefe* | az pije* | az pez* |
| 3s (m) | en deus | en doa, devoa | en doe, devoe | en devo | en devez | en deveze | en defe | en dije | en devezet |
| 3s (f) | he deus | he doa, devoa | he doe, devoe | he devo | he devez | he deveze | he defe | he dije | he devezet |
| 1p | hon eus | hor boa | hor boe | hor bo | hor bez | hor beze | hor befe | hor bije | hor bezet |
| 2p | hoc'h eus, ho peus | ho poa | ho poe | ho po | ho pez | ho peze | ho pefe | ho pije | ho pezet, ho pet |
| 3p | o deus | o doa, devoa | o doe, devoe | o devo | o devez | o deveze | o defe | o dije | o devezet |
| 0 | ez eus | e oa | e voe | e vo | e vez | e veze | e vefe | e vije | - |
| Impersonal forms | Mutated forms | ||||||||
| Infinitive: kaout, endevout, en devout Present participle: o kaout, oc'h endevout Past participle: bet (auxiliary verb: kaout) |
Soft mutation after a: - Mixed mutation after e: - Mixed mutation after o: n'am eus |
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Notes
- The form am in the first person of this verb can also appear as em. Middle Breton had 'm beus. Similarly ac'h and az of the second person may become ec'h and ez though this is rare. Middle Breton had only 'h eus for the present indicative and 'z peus for all other tenses.
- In the indicative present, the form az peus is a back-formation from the other tenses. As this verb is based on bezañ, the forms with az and initial p- in the second person singular all come from an initial b- of the conjugation of bezañ. But in the indicative present of bezañ in the second person, there is no initial b-, thus the normal form for kaout based on bezañ in the indicative present shows this same lack of initial consonant, thus eus with a particle ac'h. Nowadays the ac'h eus is more literary though very common, and az peus is becoming more and more common.
- The infinitive endevout or en devout is used in the dialects of Vannes, where the form of the present form is either em bout, ez pout, en/he d(ev)out, hor bout, ho pout, o d(ev)out or em-es, 't-es, en/hé-des, on-es, ho-es/ho-pes, o-des.