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Definition 2024

instrumental case ‎(plural instrumental cases)

(grammar) A noun case used to express means or agency—and is generally indicated in English by by or with with the objective. Languages that use the instrumental case include Armenian, Serbo-Croatian, Czech, Dyirbal, Georgian, Slovene, Polish, Quechua, Russian and Sanskrit. Extinct languages that used the instrumental case include Old English, Old Saxon and Old High German.

case to express agency or means

Armenian: գործիական հոլով ‎(gorciakan holov), գործիական (hy) ‎(gorciakan)
Belarusian: тво́рны склон m ‎(tvórny sklon)
Bulgarian: творителен падеж m ‎(tvorítelen padéž)
Chechen: коьчалниг дожар ‎(köčalnig dožar)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 工具格 (zh)
Czech: sedmý pád m, instrumentál (cs) m
Danish: instrumentalis (da) c
Dutch: instrumentalis (nl)
Faroese: verkførisfall (fo), tólfall n, amboðsfall n
Finnish: instrumentaali (fi)
French: instrumental (fr) m, cas instrumental (fr) m
Georgian: მოქმედებითი (ka) ‎(mokmedebiti), მოქმედებითი ბრუნვა (ka) ‎(mokmedebiti brunva)
German: Instrumentalis m, Instrumental-Kasus m
Greek: οργανική (el) f ‎(organikí), οργανική πτώση f ‎(organikí ptósi)
Hungarian: eszközhatározó eset (hu) (using -val/-vel ending)
Icelandic: tækisfall (is) n
Italian: caso strumentale m